Geography Paper 1 Section A: Weather Hazards

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  • Created by: Davina1st
  • Created on: 24-03-19 10:45
Why is latitude the most important factor that influences climate?
The sun's rays can spread over large areas or small areas. At the equator the sun is spread over a small area so it is much hotter than at the tropics
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What is the weather like at high pressure?
Sunny/dry: cold air sinks, warms up, holds more moisture, no clouds form, so little precipitation
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What is the weather like at low pressure?
Wet/rain: warm air rises, cools, condenses, clouds form and it precipitates
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Why is it dry in the tropics?
Cool air sinks, warms up, holds more moisture, no clouds forn and no precipitation
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Why is it wet at the equator?
Warm air rises, cools, condenses, clouds form andprecipitates.
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Where do trade winds move from and why?
Tropics to the equator: because the air moves from high pressure to low pressure
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Why do trade winds bend to the right in the north and left in the south?
Because of the coriolis force (the rotation of the earth). If the earth didn't rotate air would move in straight paths.
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What do surface winds transfer from one place to the other?
Heat and moisture
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What weather do you find at the polar front?
Rain as warm air is rising above the cold air which causeshould the air to cool condense and cumulonimbus clouds form
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Why is it cloudy and wet in the UK?
The UK is located 55° north of the equator, closer to the polar front where cold air meets warm air... surface winds come from the south west, they travelvet across the ocean and pick up lots of moisture.
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What is desert weather like?
Most deserts are found 30 north or south of the equator. the air is sinking making a belt of high pressure, sub tropical high, few clouds so little rainfall.
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What is equatorial weather like?
air is rising so there is a low pressure belt, this part of the world is much hotter as the sun is directly overhead, they have hot and humid weather that is often cloudy with high rates of precipitation.
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Where do you find hurricanes?
North America
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Where do you find typhoons?
South East Asia
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Where do you find cyclones?
South Asia e.g. India
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Why do tropical storms form along the tropics?
Form over warm water, 27 degrees c, in the seasons of summer and autumn where the sea temperature is at a maximum, 5 to 15 degrees north and south of the equator.
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Why do tropical storms spin?
Because the earth is rotating, they do not form at the equator because the Coriolis effect is not strong enough.
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How much have sea surface temperatures increased by?
0.25 to 0.5 degrees Celsius
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How does climate change affect the distribution of tropical storms?
In the future some new areas may be affected by tropical storm because the latitude of oceans with a temp of 27 degrees and higher will spread further north and south of the equator.
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How does climate change affect the inensity of tropical storms?
if sea surface temperature increases then dissipation index also increases. higher sea surface temp provides more energy for the storm.
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How does climate change affect storm surges?
Thermal expansion will occur which makes the sea level rise which means storm surges will become higher and travel further onto land, this can damage properties.
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How does climate change affect tropical storms and settlements?
If there is more rainfall then there will be more flooding as the atmosphere has more energy.
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What is the difference between Primary and secondary effects?
Primary effects are something that happens as a result of the tropical storm/ strong winds, whereas a secondary effect occurs later and indirectly e.g. water contamination or landslides.
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What might affect the speed of immediate/ long term responses?
Damage to infrastructure like roads and airports, the wealth of the country that is affected, the amount of help available in the country and from other countries.
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How to monitor for a tropical storm?(satellites)
Global precipitation measurement satellite monitors precipitation. launched in 2004, identifies high altitude rain clouds, monitors 65 degrees north and south of the equator.
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How to monitor for a tropical storm? (aircraft)
A plane first flew through a hurricane on purpose in 1943. Planes collect air pressure, rainfall and wind speed data. Global Hawk drones monitor weather patterns. They monitor this to understand the formation of storms, improve forecasting models.
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How to predict a tropical storm?
Supercomputer can give up to 5 days notice within 400km accuracy. Tracking cones: get wider over time to cover larger areas, track tropical storms. they widen to cover all possibilities.
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Give an example of a successful prediction and planning of a tropical storm
Cyclone Phailin, India. 1.2 million people were evacuated and only 21 people died. succesful as the authorities had more time to tell people to evacuate, less people died.
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Name two ways of how to plan for a tropical storm and how it will reduce risks
turn off water/gas: no danger, no expensive leak that you have to pay for in the future. less deaths. Flood insurance: to reduce the amount of money you have to pay in the case of a flood.
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Name two protection ideas in the case of a tropical storm and how they will reduce risks
Stay away from windows: windows could blow/ shatter which spreads glass=more danger, might be more deaths. glass can be carried in the flood water. Hide in the bathroom: pipes in the wall offer strong protection, less deaths
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How is the Bangladesh cyclone shelter prepared for a tropical storm?
Shutters on windows so the windows don't get damaged, no glass is spread. Stilts raise the house up so floods cannot damage the hous. reinforced concrete infrastructure prevents the building from collapsing and getting damaged by harsh winds.
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What is the difference between weather and climate?
Weather is the day to day atmospheric conditions, like the temp, rainfall and humidity, whereas climate is the average weather conditions taken over 30 years to predict what the weather is usually like in a region.
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Why do tropical storms lose energy when they reach land?
Friction between the land and the storm slows the storm down so it loses energy. In some areas there are high mountains=even more friction. there is less moisture when it reaches land.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the weather like at high pressure?

Back

Sunny/dry: cold air sinks, warms up, holds more moisture, no clouds form, so little precipitation

Card 3

Front

What is the weather like at low pressure?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why is it dry in the tropics?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why is it wet at the equator?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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