When a stretch of coastline is formed from different types of rock, ___ and ___ can form
headlands and bays
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softer rock can be eroded quicker. why? (e.g limestone/clay/sand)
softer rock is weaker
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describe a bay
where the land curves inwards, usually with a beach -
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how is a headline formed?
Hard rock (chalk) is more resistant to erosion. When the softer rock is eroded inwards, the hard rock sticks out into the sea as it won't erode as quickly. the hard rock that sticks out forms a headland
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erosional features like wave-cut platforms can be found on headlands. what is a wave-cut platform?
a platform cut by waves.... literally. its the area of land in front of a cliff that has been eroded by waves - a wide gently-sloping surface found at the foot of a cliff
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bays are more sheltered with a build up of sediment brought in by ____ waves, forming beaches
constructive (wave that carries sediment onto shore by the stronger swash wave)
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Cliffs are shaped through... (2 things)
erosion and weathering
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how is a wave-cut platform formed?
sea attacks base of cliff, forming a wave-cut notch (dent in the cliff) through abrasion and hydraulic action. as notch increases, cliff collapses (retreats back). backwash carries away eroded material, forming the wave-cut platform. process repeats
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what erosional coastal features are found on a headland?
cracks, caves, stacks, stumbs, arches
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how do cracks become caves?
crack expands through hydraulic action (water building pressure in gaps) and abrasion (rocks hitting headland). waves keep grinding crack open to form a cave
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how is an arch formed from the cave?
cave becomes larger and eventually breaks through the headland to form an arch.
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how is a stack formed from the arch?
base of the arch keeps widening from erosion, until its roof gets too heavy and collapses into the sea. This leaves a stack (an isolated column of rock).
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how does this form a stump?
stack is undercut at the base until it collapses to form a stump.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
softer rock can be eroded quicker. why? (e.g limestone/clay/sand)
Back
softer rock is weaker
Card 3
Front
describe a bay
Back
Card 4
Front
how is a headline formed?
Back
Card 5
Front
erosional features like wave-cut platforms can be found on headlands. what is a wave-cut platform?
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