Geography - Economic development

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  • Created by: L_Georgie
  • Created on: 31-03-16 13:19
What is a countries Gross Domestic Product (GDP) a measure of?
It is a measure of the countries over all wealth.
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What three things is a countries Human Development Index (HDI) based on?
Life expectancy, literacy rates and GDP.
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Why is HDI a better development indicator than GDP?
HDI takes into account both economic and social well-being within countries which gives an indication as to the quality of life in that country.
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When does development occur in a country?
It occurs when there is improvements to factors such as income, health, security and diet that increase a person's quality of life.
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What is sustainable development?
Development that benefits people and has no long-term costs.
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What line is used as a rough guide to show the development of countries?
The north-south line.
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What does NIC stand for?
Newly Industrialised Countries.
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How do LEDCs become NICs?
Investment from other countries, investment in infrastructure and people in the country developing new skills.
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What are the four types of aid?
Bilateral aid, multilateral aid, non-governmental aid and tied aid.
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What is bilateral aid?
Aid given directly form one government to another in the form of money, training, food, technology or other supplies.
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What is tied aid?
Aid that had conditions attached to it which normally benefit the donor country.
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What is multilateral aid?
Aid that comes from a number of different governments or organisations like the UN.
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What is non-governmental aid?
Organisations such as Oxfam which helps organise emergency aid after disasters. They raise there money through donations and government grants.
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What are the advantages of aid?
Aid can be used to provide new technology and machinery, offers a quick solution to certain problems, allows infrastructure to be improved and can improve people's quality of life.
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What are the disadvantages of aid?
Investments in manufacturing may have a negative effect on the environment, the aid may not benefit the people who need it the most and often foreign aid is bilateral aid which is tied to trade agreements.
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What are the four main employment sectors?
Primary sector, secondary sector, tertiary sector and quaternary sector.
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What do people in the primary sector do?
Gather raw materials for things to be made out of. (farming, mining and fishing)
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What do people in the secondary sector do?
They use the raw materials to make products.
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What do people in the tertiary sector do?
They don't make anything they provide a service (teachers, shop workers, emergency services)
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What do people in the quaternary sector do?
They carry out research and it includes the IT based industry.
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What is the difference in employment structures in MEDCs and LEDCS?
In LEDCs there is a large proportion of people working in the primary industry. In an MEDC the largest percentage of people are employed in the tertiary industry.
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What influences the location of an industry?
Raw materials location, the market size, government grants, the environment, the workforce, power supply and transport.
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Where are primary industry's normally located and what issue does this sometimes have?
They are located near to where the raw materials are found however they then need to be transported to the factory's in the secondary industry.
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Why are quaternary industries footloose?
Because they can locate anywhere because they don't depend on large quantities of raw material or power.
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Why might companies change the location of there factories to other contries?
The other country may have low labour costs, better government incentives, a skilled workforce available and low company taxes. Which all increase profits.
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What is the definition of globalisation?
Globalisation is the production of goods and services on a worldwide scale to supply a global market leading to increasing interconnectedness.
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What is a multinational company?
A company with factories and officers in several different countries.
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What is offshoring?
Moving a company's manufacturing operations overseas.
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What are the main reasons for offshoring?
Lower wages, improvements in communications, improvements in transport and free trade.
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What are the advantages of having an MNC build a factory in your country?
It provides jobs and good wages, provides training to improve skills, brings investment into the country, increases foreign trade and supports other industries in the country.
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What are the disadvantages of having an MNC build a factory in your country?
Pays low wages compared to the home country, they often have foreign nationals to fill the high level jobs, it takes profits out of the host country and it will close overseas factory's first when it hits difficult times.
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How does the primary industry effect the environment?
It could cause water pollution, damage the landscape and change the environment.
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How does the secondary industry effect the environment?
It could cause water and air pollution.
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How does the tertiary industry effect the environment?
It could cause air pollution and changes to the environment.
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How does the quaternary industry effect the environment?
It releases pollution into the atmosphere.
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What is the greenhouse effect?
the greenhouse effect is when the gasses in the atmosphere trap some of the radiation that has been reflected of the earth an dis returning to space.the trapped radiation keeps us warm.
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How has global warming effected the greenhouse effect?
It has made it so more radiation is trapped in the earth atmosphere resulting in the earth being heated up.
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What are the effects of global warming?
Wildlife will find it hard to adapt to the change in climate, the sea levels are rising, The patterns of rainfall will change.
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How can we reduce carbon emissions?
Using public transport more, making our homes more energy efficient, planting trees buying smaller cars and reducing the number of flights we take.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What three things is a countries Human Development Index (HDI) based on?

Back

Life expectancy, literacy rates and GDP.

Card 3

Front

Why is HDI a better development indicator than GDP?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

When does development occur in a country?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is sustainable development?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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