Geography - Development and Resource Isuues

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What is the development gap?
The widening difference in levels of development between the world's richest and poorest countries
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What is the development continuum?
A linear scale from 'highly developed' countries to those with a 'low level' of development
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How is economic development measured?
Gross National Income, Gross domestic product, Employment structure and Poverty
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What are the limitations of evidence of development?
They measure only wealth and don't include social factors, the don't recognise inequality within a country and they don't consider the cost of living within a country.
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Give an example of a low-income country
Malawi
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How has global trade led to uneven patters of development?
HICs generally export valuable manufactured goods and import cheaper primary products, however LICs earn little and the country is forced to borrow money to pay for its imports = debt.
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what is a tarrif?
a tax imposed on imports
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Name institutions that are influential in free trade
World Trade Organisation, International Monetary Fund and the World Bank
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what does the term interdependent mean?
Where countries are linked together in a complex web so they are dependant on each other.
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How are NICs charactarised?
rapid economic growth, rapid industrialisation/urbanisation, stable governments and strong political leaders and by an expanding domestic market.
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Give an example of an NIC
India
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What are the drivers of globalisation?
improved technology, improvements in communication, advances in transport and the removal of trade barriers.
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What are factors that attract investment in a country by an MNC?
availability of raw materials, lower labour costs, ability to sell inside trade barriers and government incentitives
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What does the term globalisation mean?
The process by which the world's economies, societies and cultures have become integrated through networks of communications.
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Name a MNC in the UK
tata Steel
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Why have Nike located in Vietnam?
low labour costs, low tax rates, low energy bills and less expensive factories and land.
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Name factors that have contributed to the rapid growth in tourism
Increased life expectancy , higher salaries, more stable governments and modern aircraft.
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What is enclave tourism?
Where tourist activities are planned and congregated in one geographical area.
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What is Bilateral aid?
Aid between two countries
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What is Multilateral aid?
Money donated by richer countries via organisations like the United Nations and the World Bank.
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What is short-term emergency aid?
Aid which gives immediate relief after or during a natural disaster.
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What is long-term development aid?
a sustained programme of aid which aims to improve standard of living.
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What is debt abolition?
when richer countries cancel debt owed to them by poorer countries.
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What is aid through non-governmental organisations?
Charities like Oxfam and Save the Children
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What are the aims of fair trade?
minimum wage and fair working conditions, restrictions on child labour and improved schools and healthcare.
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Give and example of fair trade?
Ghana's coca trade
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Why is the global consumption of water changing?
An increasing population and Economic development
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What is the water footprint?
The total volume of freshwater consumed and polluted by people.
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What is water security?
When the population of a country has sustainable access to adequate quantities of acceptably clean water.
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What is consumerism?
An ideology that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts.
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What are strategies to manage the supply of water?
Building dams and reservoirs, water transfer schemes, desalation plants and water conservation.
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What is water stress?
When the demand for water exceeds the availability supply or when poor quality of water restricts its use.
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What are the reasons for increasing water demands?
Population growth, Agricultural change, Industrial growth and the growth of Consumerism.
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What does the term Hydro politics mean?
Politics affected by the availability of water and water resources.
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Give an example of water politics
Mekong River, Vietnam.
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What is a NGO?
A non-governmental organisation
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Give and example of a small-scale project
WaterAid in Malawi
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Give an example of over-abstraction of groundwater
India
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What is a Aquifer?
A permeable rock which stores and transfers water.
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What is the water table?
The upper boundary of the underground saturated part of the soil and rock.
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Give an example of social and economic inequalities
Bihar vs Maharashtra
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Where are the rural periphery?
On the edge of margins
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What is an urban core?
An area that enjoys economic, social and political superiority.
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What is deindustrialisation?
A fall in the percentage contribution of secondary industry to an economic in terms of its value and importance as an employment sector.
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What are social and economic consequences of regional inequalities?
Poor health conditions in the north, life expectancy is higher in the south, house prices are higher in the south and incomes are higher in the south.
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Give an example of a city in the north of the UK
Sheffield
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What have been developed to reduce inequalities in the UK?
Successive governments
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Give examples of successive governments
The Regional Growth Fund and Enterprise zones.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the development continuum?

Back

A linear scale from 'highly developed' countries to those with a 'low level' of development

Card 3

Front

How is economic development measured?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the limitations of evidence of development?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Give an example of a low-income country

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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