Geography - Definitions - T1 - Landscapes and Physical Processes

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  • Created by: ib8
  • Created on: 30-10-19 15:46
Upland
A landscape that is hilly or mountainous
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Lowland
An area of land that is lower than the land around it
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Visitor pressure
The increased impact on the landscape, resources and services of an increased number of people due to tourism
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Honeypot site
A place of special interest that attracts tourists
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Carrying capacity
The maximum population size that an environment can sustain
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Environmental challenges
Problems caused by human use of the natural landscape
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National Park
An area which is protected because of its protected because of its beautiful countryside, wildlife and cultural heritage
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Area of Outstanding National Beauty [AONB]
A part of the countryside that is designated for conservation due to its natural beauty
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Fluvial
Referring to a river and its land forms
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Erosion
The wearing away of the land
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Transportation
The movement of material by the flow of water
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Deposition
The dropping of the material carried by the river
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Bed load
The material carried by the river being bounced or rolled along its bed
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Meander
A bend in the river formed by lateral erosion
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V-shaped valley
A narrow valley with steep sloping sides found in the river's upper course
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Waterfall
Water falling from a higher level to a lower level due to change in rock structure or as a result of glacial erosion
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Gorge
A steep-sided narrow valley formed by a retreating waterfall
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Floodplain
A flat piece of land on either side of a river forming the valley floor
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Vertical erosion
Erosion of the river channel that results in its deepening rather than widening
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Interlocking spurs
Hard, resistant rocks that a river cannot easily erode and therefore the river goes around them
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Plunge pool
A deepened part of the river bed at the base of the waterfall caused by the impact of falling water
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Slip -off slope
A bank of gently sloping deposited material found on the inside bend of a meander
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Slope processes
The processes involved in moving material from the cliffs on to the beach
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Weathering
The breakdown of rocks in place by elements of the weather
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Freeze-thaw action
The breakdown of rocks due to water entering the cracks and repeatedly freezing and thawing
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Carbonation
Where chemicals in rainwater such as carbonic acid react with chemicals in rocks such as limestone
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Mass movement
When soil, rocks or stones move down a slope
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Sediment
The material carried by the sea
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Longshore drift
The process by which sediment is moved along the coastline
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Headland
An area of land that juts into the sea
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Bay
A recessed area of coastline found between two headlands
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Wave-cut notch
A slot with overhanging rocks that has been cut into the bottom of a cliff
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Wave-cut platform
A coastal landform mad of a rocky shelf in front of a cliff
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Bedding plane
Clearly seen layers of rock in a cliff face
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Arch
A natural opening in a cliff where the sea is able to flow through
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Stack
A vertical pillar of rock left behind after the collapse of an arch
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Swash
The movement of water up the beach as a wave breaks
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Backswash
The flow of water back into the sea after a wave has broken on to the shore
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Beach
Created by deposition and lies between the high water mark and the low water mark
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Spit
A sand or shingle beach that is joined to the land but projects outwards into the sea in the direction of the prevailing wind
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Offshore bar
An area of deposition that is slightly off the coastline in the estuary of a river
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Rock pool
A pool of seawater between shoreline rocks
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Cavern
A large underground cave which has been created due to enlargement of joints in carboniferous limestone
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Sink hole
A hole in the ground caused by a collapse of the surface layer, often found in carboniferous limestone areas where caverns are present
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Concordant costline
Rocks are formed parallel to the sea so that the rate of erosion is even
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Discordant coastline
Rocks are formed at right angles to the sea so erosion rates vary along the coastline
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Groynes
A low beach wall or barrier on a beach built at right angles to the sea to restrict longshore drift
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Drainage Basin
An area of land drained by a river and its tributaries
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Flow
The movement of water
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Store
A place where water is stationary within the water cycle
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Interception
When rainfall does not reach the ground as it is blocked by trees and buildings
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Infiltration
The movement of water into the soil
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Throughflow
The flow of water through the soil
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Overland flow
The flow of water across the ground surface
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Groundwater flow
The flow of water through the rocks
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Transpiration
Water given off by plants
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Stem flow
Movement of water that has been intercepted down the stem or trunk of a plant
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Percolation
The movement of water from the soil into the bedrock
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Hydrograph
A line graph used to display the discharge of a river over a period of time
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Lag time
The time between the peak rainfall and peak discharge in a river
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Rising limb
The part of a hydrograph where the discharge of a river is increasing after a rainfall event
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

An area of land that is lower than the land around it

Back

Lowland

Card 3

Front

The increased impact on the landscape, resources and services of an increased number of people due to tourism

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

A place of special interest that attracts tourists

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The maximum population size that an environment can sustain

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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