Low frequency, low gradient, low height, long wavelength, stronger swash
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Features of a destructive wave
High frequency, steep gradient, short wavelength, stronger backwash
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Explain wave refraction
Waves travel towards coastline horizontally. Hit a coastal feature e.g. headland. Shallow water around feature so wave speed and height increases. Erosional energy focus on headland, waves dissipated. Waves change direction, lose energy as distribute
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Marine processes
hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution
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Sub-aerial processes
weathering (biological, chemical, freeze thaw), mass movement (slumping, rockfall, landslides)
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Geo formation
erosion digs out material along a joint to form steep sided inlet
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Cave formation
erosion of inlet extends into cliff
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Blow hole formation
erosion collapses overlying rocks - cave is exposed to sky
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Stack formation
Erodes at right angles to coastline, arch collapses. Eventual collapse of stack forms a stump.
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Headland formation
differentiating rocks erode at different rates, rock juts out
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Bay formation
Different rates of rock erosion
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Wave Cut platform formation
cliff lines retreat as breaking waves produce wave cut notch at cliff base. overlying beds collapse. Base of notch migrates inland, leaves a remnant of cliff
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Features of a destructive wave
Back
High frequency, steep gradient, short wavelength, stronger backwash
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