Hard engineering management involves using artificial structures
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What is soft engineering?
oft engineering management is a more sustainable and natural approach to manage coastal erosion.
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What is erosion?
Erosion is a natural process which shapes cliffs
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What can be caused by erosion over a long period of time?
Cliff collapse
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What are sea walls?
Concrete walls that are placed at the foot of a cliff to prevent erosion.
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What is the purpose of seawalls?
They are curved to reflect the energy back into the sea.
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Give two advantages of sea walls
Effective at protecting the base of the cliff. Sea walls usually have promenades so people can walk along them.
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Give two negative of seawalls
Waves are still powerful and can break down and erode the sea wall. Expensive - approximately £2,000 per metre.
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Give two advanatges of Rock armour
Cheaper than a sea wall and easy to maintain. Can be used for fishing.
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What is rock armour?
Large boulders placed at the foot of a cliff.
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What is the cheapest source of Hard engineering?
Gabions at £50
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What are Gabions?
Rocks which are held in mesh cages and placed in areas affected by erosion.
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Give 2 negatives of Gabions
Not very strong. Looks unnatural.
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What are Wooden or rock structures built out at right angles into the sea.
Groynes
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What is the difference between Hard and soft engineering?
Hard engineering management involves using artificial structures, whereas soft engineering management is a more sustainable and natural approach to manage coastal erosion.
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Give an example of soft engineering?
Beach nourishment.Reprofiling.Dune nourishment
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Give an example of Hard enginering
Groynes. GAbions. Sea walls. Rock armour.
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Give an advanatage of Beach nourishment.
Blends in with the existing beach. Larger beaches appeal to tourists
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give an advantage of dune nourishment
Relatively cheap. Maintains a natural-looking coastline.
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Give a disadvantage aboutdunenourishment
Can be damaged by storm waves. Areas have to be zoned off from the public, which is unpopular.
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What is managed retreat?
Managed retreat is the controlled flooding of low-lying coastal areas
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Where does manage retreat normally occur?
where the land is of low value, for example farm land.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is soft engineering?
Back
oft engineering management is a more sustainable and natural approach to manage coastal erosion.
Card 3
Front
What is erosion?
Back
Card 4
Front
What can be caused by erosion over a long period of time?
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