Geography

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  • Created by: Amy-C
  • Created on: 13-05-19 15:41
Abrasion
The grinding away of bedrock by fragments of rock which may be incorporated in ice. Also known as corrasion
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Adaptation
Strategies designed to prepare for and reduce the impacts of events
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Asthenosphere
The part of the mantle, below the lithosphere, where the rock is semi-molten
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Attrition
The gradual wearing down of rock particles by impact and abrasion, leading to a reduced particle size and rounder, smoother stones
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Benioff Zone
The area where friction is created between colliding tectonic plates, resulting in intermediate and deep earthquakes
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Concordant Coast
Where bands of more-resistant and less-resistant rock run parallel to the coast
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Convection Currents
Hot, liquid magma currents moving in the asthenosphere
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Corrosion
The breaking down of rock by chemical action, often involving the dissolving of alkaline rock by weak acids in seawater
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Cost-Benefit Analysis
A process by which the financial, social and environmental costs are weighed up against the benefits of a proposal in terms of social outcomes as well as in terms of profit and loss
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Crustal Fracturing
When energy released during an earthquake causes the Earth's crust to crack
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Dalmatian Coasts
A type of concordant coastline formed as a result of a rise in sea level when valleys flooded leaving the tops of the ridges above the surface of the sea as offshore islands
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Discordant Coasts
The geology alternates between bands of more-resistant and less-resistant rock, which run at right angles to the coast
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Drift-Aligned
Where sediment is transferred along the coast by longshore drift producing a pattern of sediment size and roundness which varies between one location on a beach and another
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Emergent Coastline
When a fall in sea level exposes land previously covered by the sea
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
A quantitative means of estimating the environmental changes arising from a proposal
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Epicentre
The point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
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Eustatic Change
When the sea level itself rises or falls, partly as a result of the growth and decay of ice sheets - occurs globally
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Focus
The point inside the Earth's crust from which the pressure is released when an earthquake occurs
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Haff Coast
A concordant coastline which consists of long spits of sands and lagoons
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Hazard Management Cycle
A theoretical model of hazard management as a continuous four-stage cycle involving mitigation, preparation, response and recovery
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Hot Spot
Points within the middle of a tectonic plate where plumes of hot magma rise and erupt
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Hydrometeorological Hazards
Natural hazards caused by climate processes (including droughts, floods, hurricanes and storms)
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Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
A strategy designed to manage complete sections of the coast, rather than individual towns or villages, by bringing together all of those involved in the development, management and use of the coast
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Intra-plate Earthquakes
Earthquakes which occur far from plate margins
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Isostatic Change
When the land rises or falls, relative to the sea, often in response to the melting or accumulation of glacial ice - occurs locally
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L Waves
The slowest seismic waves, which focus all their energy on the Earth's surface
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Land-use Zoning
A process by which local government regulates how land in a community may be used
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Liquefaction
When the violent shaking during an earthquake causes surface rocks to lose strength and become more liquid and solid
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Lithosphere
The solid layer, made from the crust and upper mantle, from which tectonic plates are formed
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Littoral Zone
Another name for the coastal zone: the boundary between land and sea which stretches out to sea and onto the shore
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Longshore Drift
The movement of sand and shingle along the coast
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Mass Movement
The downward movement of material under the influence of gravity. It includes a wide range of processes such as rockfalls, landslides and solifluction
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Mitigation
Action to reduce the impacts of an event
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Multiple Hazard Zone
An area that is at risk from multiple natural hazards such as hurricanes and earthquakes
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P Waves
The fastest seismic waves which travel through both solids and liquids
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Palaeomagnetism
The study of past changes in the Earth's magnetic field
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Park Model (Hazard Response Curve)
Shows how a country or region might respond after a hazard event
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Pioneer Species
The first colonising plants which begin the process of plant succession
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Pressure and Release (PAR) Model
A tool used to work out how vulnerable a country is to hazards
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S Waves
Seismic waves which only travel through solids and move with a sideways motion
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Sediment Cells
A length of coastline and its associated nearshore area within which the movement of coarse sediment (sand and shingle) is largely self contained. There are 11 sediment cells around England and Wales some of which can be divided into sub-cells
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Shoreline Management Plan (SMP)
A plan that takes into consideration the risks of coastal processes and attempts to identify sustainable coastal defence and management options
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Slab Pull
When newly formed oceanic crust sinks into the mantle, pulling the rest of the plate further down with it
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Solifluction
A form of mass movement which is the flow downhill flow of saturated soil
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Sub-Aerial Processes
The processes of weathering and mass movement
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Subduction Zone
The area in the mantle where a tectonic plate melts
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Submergent Coastline
When a rise in sea level floods a previously exposed coast
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Swash-Aligned
Where sediment moves up and down the beach with little lateral transfer
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Swell Waves
Waves originating from the mid-ocean which appear as larger waves amongst smaller, locally generated waves
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Transform Fault
A fault created on a large scale when two plates slide past eachother
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Adaptation

Back

Strategies designed to prepare for and reduce the impacts of events

Card 3

Front

Asthenosphere

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Attrition

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Benioff Zone

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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