Geography

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describe a destructive wave
steep, high frequency wave. Causes loss of material from the beach as the Backwash is stronger than the swash
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Describe a constructive wave
small, low frequency waves. Calm conditions mean less energy so the Swash becomes stronger than the Backwash
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what is the Fetch?
the distance travelled over open water to create waves. The longer the fetch the larger the wave
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What are the types of erosion?
Hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition and solution
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What is Hydraulic action?
The force of the water pushing into cracks forcing them to become wider to create fissures
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What is Abrasion?
Where the rocks an debris carried by the river wear away the banks of the river and the river bed
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What is Attrition?
Where the rocks carried by the river smash against each other, break into smaller, smoother particles.
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What is Solution?
Where soluble particles are dissolved by the river
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When and where does deposition occur?
Inside of a meander where the water has the least energy where it is forced to drop any debris in the water.
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What is Corrosion?
Rocks are flung at a river bank or cliff by destructive waves causing them to chip away at the rocks
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What is Long Shore Drift?
It is the movement of the sand along the beach caused by waves approaching the beach at an oblique angle. This forms a 'zig zag' movement.
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Name some landforms created by Erosion?
Arches, stacks, stumps, wave cut notches, Headlands and bays.
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How is a Stack and Stump landform created?
On a headlands hydraulic action occurs where water is forced into cracks in the rock which eventually is widened to cause large fissures then small caves. These are still eroded through abrasion so the caves receed to form small arches.
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continued...
Cracks being to form leading up to the top of the structure and evetnually the land will break off and fall. This creates the stack. A stump is formed where the water creates a wave cut notch so the structure becomes unstable so it falls over.
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Positive effects of living near a volcano?
Fertile lands which are ideal for growing crops and agriculture, volcano will bring in tourists which will increase employment opportunities as well as providing the area with income.
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Negative effects of living near a volcano?
Insurance for houses may be high, air pollution/noise pollution from tourists.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Describe a constructive wave

Back

small, low frequency waves. Calm conditions mean less energy so the Swash becomes stronger than the Backwash

Card 3

Front

what is the Fetch?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the types of erosion?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is Hydraulic action?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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