geography

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what river landform is formed on a lower course
floodplains
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what is a drainage basin
the area drained by a river and its tributaries
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what is the mouth of the river
the end of the river where the river enters the sea
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what is a water shed
the boundary between one drainage basin and another
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what is a confluence
where two rivers meet
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what is the source of the river
the start of the river
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what is a tributary
small streams that joins the main river
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what is corrosion (erosion)
acids in the water dissolves the riverbed and banks
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what is hydraulic action (erosion)
waves hitting the cliff, force air int cracks which breaks up the rock
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what is solution (transportation)
minerals dissolve in water
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what is suspension (transportation)
finer material is light enough to float down the river
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what is saltation (transportation)
smaller items of sediment bounce along the river bed
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what is traction (transportation)
large item of sediment roll along the river bed
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what river landforms are formed on upper course
waterfalls
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what river landforms are formed on a middle course
meanders and oxbow lakes
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what is deposition
dropping eroded material ( river slows down, loses energy, occurs on inside of a river bend or at the mouth)
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what is corrasion/abrasion (erosion)
material being carried by the river rubs along the riverbed and banks
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what is attrition (erosion)
rocks carried by the river collide and break into smaller pieces
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what is physical weathering process
water frezzes in rock cracks and widens the cracks
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what is chemical weathering process
(acid rain) rain water is lightly acidic, the acid reacts with minerals in the rocks and dissolves them
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what is biological weathering process
acids released by begetation speed p chemical weathering, roots grow into cracks and split rocks apart
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what is soil creep (mass movement)
soil particles move down the slope under influence of gravity
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what is slumping (mass movement)
the river erodes the bottom of the valley slope making it steeper. material above slides downwards, particularly if it is saturated with rain water
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what is rock fall (mass movement)
rocks at the top of the valley are affected by freeze thaw. parts of the rock breaks off and move down the slope
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what is the width of the river
measuremnt from bank to bank
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what is the depth of the river
distance form the surface to the bed
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what is velocity
speed of the river water
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what is discharge
volume of water that flows along in a given time
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what is a gradient
steepness of the river bed
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where do waterfalls form
where there is a layer of hard, resistant rock overlaying a softer, less resistant rock
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what causes a plunge pool
hydraulic action and abrasion
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what creates a slip-of-slope
greater deposition on inner bend
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physical cause of flooding
rainfall intensity, geology,snow melt,drainage basin
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human causes of flooding
deforestation, climate change, urbanisation
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what is afforestation
planting tress within the drainage basin
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what soft engineering are used for flood management
afforestation, land use zoning, washlands
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what hard engineering are used for flood management
flood relief channels, channelisation, embankment
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what is channelisation
deepening or widening of the river channel
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what are embankments
levees built or near the river bed
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is a drainage basin

Back

the area drained by a river and its tributaries

Card 3

Front

what is the mouth of the river

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is a water shed

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is a confluence

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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