GEO164 case studies

Climate change - impacts upon LEDC

Flooding India and Bangladesh. Africa's food production. Ghana cholera. General increased morbidity and mortality,

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Climate change - impacts upon MEDC

Increased intense rainfall - Sheffield. Heat waves and crops in France. Cattle mortality risk Italy.

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Global mitigation of climate change

Kyoto protocol 2005-2012 but US didnt ratify

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Climate change - MEDC adaptation and mitigation

Mitigation: The energy act 2010. Adapatation: Mayor of London CC strategy 2010. Canada inuit bridge. ESPACE - green infrastructure in urban.

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Climate change - LEDC adaptation and mitigation

Mitigation: South africa efficient electricity and clean car. Adaptation: Tropical cyclone disaster in Bangladesh and India.

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Urbanisation - poor water quality

Sheffield mid 1800's

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Urbanisation - air quality

The great london smog 1952. Shanghai urban heat island.

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Urbanisation - noise pollution

London - 'Sounder city'

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Urbanisation - noxious chemical pollution

Minimata disease, Japan. Originated in city, affected fishery village.

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Urbanisation - urban heat island

Tokyo. Elderly and poor housing at risk. 2008-2011 introduced 10ha of green roofs. More reflective surfaces. Wind path along Meguro river.

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Urbanisation - light pollution

Hawaii. Newell shearwater birds.

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Urbanisation - flooding

Sheffield 2007 largest conurbation in south yorkshire

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Sustainable urbanisation

Los angeles, green alley programs and rail transit.

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Deforestation - drivers in MEDC

Europe. Direct causes = agriculture, mining and infrastructure development. Indirect causes = institutional weakness, e.g. unclear land tenure and property rights, incentives to convert forest land and insufficient human resources to monitor forests.

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Deforestation - mitigation in MEDC

EU FLEGT action plan (2003) = a decline in deforestation. Green Wall of China.

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Deforestation - drivers in LEDC

Easter Island, Chile. Latin America and Carribean = 1/3 of forestry loss 2000 - 2005. Africa - focus on HIV.

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Deforestation - consequences in Easter Island

Loss of biodiversity. Endemic species = completely extinct.

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Agriculture - environmental impacts

Nitrates; US and Canada. Pesticides; Secondary pest american bull worm in Eqypt and 1/5 land contaminated in Romania.

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Agriculture - sustainable practice LEDC

Ghana conservation agriculture. Water management. Microdosing.

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Agriculture - sustainable practice MEDC

Operation pollinator (2009) and fieldprint calculator

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Agriculture - organic farming

India. . Using cows for animal manure rather than buying. Using naturally occurring fertilizers or amendments. Crops grown to add nutrients to the soil = green manure.

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Biodiversity - threats

Species extinction and introduction; Killer Shrimp and Impatiens Glandulifera. Over exploitation; bird hunting in Malta

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Biodiversity- varying spatial distribution

Middleton (2008) tree peru = uk. 50% of biodiversity in 6% of land. Australia separate. Hotspots - Asia pacific.

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Biodiversity - global conservation

• Convention on biological diversity (1992) = the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora = international piece of legislation for sustainable behaviour and each party develops national strategies

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Biodiversity - european conservation

The Conservation of Wild Birds (2009). Water framework directive. Marine strategy framework directive.

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GEO164 case studies

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