Genetics and Evolution-Complex genetic traits

Created by: jessica
Created on: 03-03-13 13:33

What shaped curve does contiuous variation give?

bell shaped curve graph.. It shows that there are all extremes of phenotypes.

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What are continuous variation genes associated with?

determined by alleles at many QTLs. This means that it is not possible to separate the genes out from the others as their effect on the phenotype is part of a package. It is not independent to the other genes.

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How is variance determined?

by genes and environment. Can be used with the following equation-Vp= Vg + Ve

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How is Vg calculated?

Va + Vd (Va = additive variance, Vd = dominance variance)

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What is additive variance?

Each allele in a polygenic system contributes to the observed phenotype. The alleles can either increase or decrease the observed phenotype.

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What is heritabilty?

the measure of the influence that genes have on a phenotype

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What are the two types of heritability?

broad and narrow.

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What is the equation for broad heritability?

H2 = Vg/Vp

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What is the equation for narrow heritability?

h2 = Va/Vp

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What is a quantitative character?

the average phenotypic differences between genotypes are small compared with the variation between individuals within genotypes.

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What is the norm of reaction?

this is the relation between the environment and phenotype for a given genotype.The norms of reaction are both functions of the environment in which the organisms develop and live.

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What are the two methods for detecting heritiability of a trait?

the first depends on the phenotypic similarity between the relatives. The second method uses a marker-gene segregation.

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What does marker gene segregation involve?

the use of a marker gene to show the that different alleles of a marker gene are associated with different average phenotypes for the character under study.

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What is selection differential?

-the difference between the selected parents and the mean of the entire population in their generation.

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What is selection response?

the difference between the offspring of the selected parents and the mean of the parental generation.

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Card 2

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What are continuous variation genes associated with?

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Card 3

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How is variance determined?

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Card 4

Front

How is Vg calculated?

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Card 5

Front

What is additive variance?

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Genetics and Evolution-Complex genetic traits