Genetics and inheritance

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What are Mendel's expected phenotypic ratios for the F2 generation of monohybrid inheritance, after crossing between 1 pure - breeding dominant and 1 pure - breeding recessive individual?
3 dominant:1 recessive
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Name an example of a genetic disease caused by a faulty dominant allele.
Huntingtons
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Name an example of a genetic disease caused by a faulty recessive allele.
Cystic fibrosis (2 faulty alleles needed for expression).
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What is a chromatid?
One of the two strands of a chromosome that are joined together at a single centromere prior to cell division.
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What is monohybrid inheritance?
The inheritance of one particular gene.
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What is dihybrid inheritance?
The inheritance of two different genes at the same time.
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What are homologous pairs?
Sets of two chromosomes with the same genes at the same loci.
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What is the genome?
The complete set of genes in a cell.
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What is the proteome?
The complete set of proteins that can be produced by the genome.
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What is the cellular proteome?
The complete set of proteins that can be produced by a cell.
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What are autosomes?
Pairs of chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an organism.
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What is pure - breeding?
When organisms with the same phenotype are bred so that their offspring eventually have a homozygous genotype.
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Why are people with blood group O called "universal donors"?
Their red blood cells have no antigens and so can be accepted by individuals with any other blood type.
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What are Mendel's expected phenotypic ratios for the F2 generation of dihybrid inheritance, after crossing between 1 pure - breeding dominant and 1 pure - breeding recessive individual?
9 dominant: 3 1 recessive characteristic: 3 1 recessive characteristic: 1 recessive.
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What is Mendel's law of independent assortment? (2nd law)
"Either one of a pair of contrasted characters may combine with either one of another pair".
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What is Mendel's law of inheritance? (1st law)
"Individuals carry two discrete hereditary factors (alleles) controlling each characteristic."
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Why does inheritance not always follow Mendel's expected ratios?
Inheritance of alleles in each offspring is random as the fusion of gametes is random. Ratio is a probability as inheritance occurs by chance. More likely that chance will affect ratio in a smaller sample.
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What is autosomal linkage?
When two genes are located on the same chromosome causing the alleles to be inherited together.
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Why are Mendel's ratios not reached in autosomal linkage?
Because no crossing - over between homologous pairs of chromosomes occurs in prophase 1 of meiosis. The combination of the alleles of two different genes on a particular chromosome is therefore the same in the gametes as it is in the parent cells.
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What is epistasis?
When two genes interact so that one suppresses the effect of another.
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Give an example of how epistasis works.
Two enzymes may be required in a biochemical pathway to produce a certain protein. If enzyme 2 is present in the absence of enzyme 1, none of the pathway will take place as the substrate for enzyme 2 will not be produced.
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Which statistical test should be used when looking for differences in the same variable for different samples?
Student's t-test.
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Which statistical test should be used when looking for a correlation between different variables from the same sample?
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.
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Which statistical test should be used when looking at data that are in categories?
Chi - squared test.
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What is the formula for the chi - squared test?
Sum of (O-E) squared / E, where O = observed value and E = expected value.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Name an example of a genetic disease caused by a faulty dominant allele.

Back

Huntingtons

Card 3

Front

Name an example of a genetic disease caused by a faulty recessive allele.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a chromatid?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is monohybrid inheritance?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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