Monomers of DNA. Made of deoxyribose/ribose, phophate and a nucleotide base
1 of 23
What are the basic steps of transcription?
DNA double helix unwinds, mRNA nucleotides attach due to CBP, mRNA polymerise together, mRNA leaves nucleus, introns excised
2 of 23
What are the basic steps of translation?
Specific tRNA with matching anticodon to codon of mRNA, brings a specific AA. Another tRNA brings a 2nd AA, peptide bond forms between two AAs. Ribosome moves onto next mRNA codon until stop codon reached. mRNA released from ribosome into cytoplasm.
3 of 23
What amino acid starts the polypeptide sequence?
Methionine (MET)
4 of 23
What is a gene and allele?
A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein. An allele is a different version of the SAME gene.
5 of 23
What is a genotype and phenotype?
Genotype: the specific alleles that make up a a gene in an organism. Pheno: physical expression of a gene (e.g. brown eyes)
6 of 23
What is a chromosome?
Combination of densely coiled DNA and histones
7 of 23
What is an autosomal chromosome?
Not sex-linked, codes for something else
8 of 23
What numerical abnormalities can occur in genetic conditions?
Trisomy (3 chromosomes pairs, not 2), or insertion (addition of a base) or inversion (base sequence reversed)
9 of 23
What is the difference between a polygenetic trait and multifactoral trait?
Polygenetic: more than one gene codes for the trait (not including environmental influence). Multifactoral: trait influenced by both genes and environment
10 of 23
What is a gene locus?
The specific place a gene is located on the chromosome
11 of 23
What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?
Homozygous has two identical alleles, heterozygous has 2 different alleles
12 of 23
What is a dominant and recessive gene?
Dominant: allele always expressed. Recessive: allele only expressed if homozygous
13 of 23
What is hemizygous?
Allele only appears of either maternal or paternal chromosome
Comments
No comments have yet been made