GENETICS

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Chromosome
Length of DNA found in the nucleus of cells.
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Diploid
Normal number of chromosomes found in the nucleus of a particular species ie: in humans is 46.
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Haploid
Half the normal number of chromosomes found in the nucleus ie: gamete cells have 23 each.
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Gene
length of DNA which carries the code to make a protein- determining a characteristic.
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Allele
Different forms of the same gene.
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Dominant
The allele with the most influence.
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Recessive
The allele with the least influence in a gene.
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Homozygous
When both alleles for a particular characteristic are the same.
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Heterozygous
When both alleles for a particular characteristic are different.
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Genotype
The genes possessed by an organism.
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Phenotype
Characteristics shown by an organism. (ENVIRONMENT)
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F1
First filial generation.
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F2
Second filial generation.
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Mutation
A change in the genetic code of an organism which may occur due to exposure of radiation.
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Homologous
Having the same structural features and pattern of genes.
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Albinism
The genetically inherited condition in which there is a marked deficiency of pigmentation in skin, hair, and eyes.
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Cystic fibrosis
A genetically inherited disease in children that results in chronic fluid development in the lungs, making breathing difficult.
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Gene flow
The transference of genes from one population to another, usually as a result of migration.
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Gene pool
All of the genes in all of the individuals in a breeding population. More precisely, it is the collective genotype of a population.
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Genetic drift
Evolution, or change in gene pool frequencies, resulting from random chance. Genetic drift occurs most rapidly in small populations. In large populations, random deviations in allele frequencies in one direction are more likely to be cancelled out.
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Genome
The full genetic complement of an individual (or of a species). In humans, it is estimated that each individual possesses approximately 2.9 billion base units in his or her DNA.
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Genome imprinting
An inheritance pattern in which a gene will have a different effect depending on the gender of the parent from whom it is inherited. Genome imprinting is also known as genetic imprinting.
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Hybrid
Offspring that are the result of mating between two genetically different kinds of parents--the opposite of purebred.
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polygenic trait
an inherited trait that is determined by genes at two or more loci. Simple Mendelian rules of dominance do not apply to the complex interaction of these genes. As a result, phenotypes may appear as apparent blends or intermediate expressions. Huma
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Hybrid
Offspring that are the result of mating between two genetically different kinds of parents--the opposite of purebred.
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polygenic trait
An inherited trait that is determined by genes at two or more loci. As a result, phenotypes may appear as apparent blends or intermediate expressions. Human skin and hair color are polygenic traits. Many traits are also influenced by environment.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Normal number of chromosomes found in the nucleus of a particular species ie: in humans is 46.

Back

Diploid

Card 3

Front

Half the normal number of chromosomes found in the nucleus ie: gamete cells have 23 each.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

length of DNA which carries the code to make a protein- determining a characteristic.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Different forms of the same gene.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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