Genetics

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What is passed from parents to their offspring?
Genetic information - contained in genes carried by chromosomes in the nucleus.
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What produces offspring that resembles parents?
Sexual reproduction.
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Where are chromosomes found?
In the cell nucleus - contains many genes.
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What does the gene section of DNA carry?
Coding for particular proteins.
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What controls the development of characteristics of an organism?
Different genes.
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What varies species to species?
Number of genes + chromosomes.
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What is the individual of a species looking similar called?
Variation.
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Variation due to genetic causes is what?
Inherited variation.
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What are some examples of inherited variation in humans?
Eye colour, hair colour, skin colour.
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What can some variations be due to?
Environment, combination of both.
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What characteristics of animal + plant species are affected by?
Climate, diet, accidents, culture + lifestyle.
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What are some examples that show environmental variation?
Your language, your religion, flower colour in hydrangeas.
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What was Darwin's theory?
How life on earth has changed over geological time.
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What did his theory support?
Evidence from fossils + by rapid changes that can be soon to occur in microorganisms - antibiotic resistance.
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What has developed over time from simple life forms?
Different species.
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Why don't people believe darwin's theory to this day?
Conflicted with religious views, not enough evidence at the time, took 50 years to discover how inheritance + variation worked after his theory was published.
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What was Lamarack's alternative theory?
Characteristics that are used more becomes bigger + stronger - any feature of organism that is improved is passed to offspring.
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Why can't lamarack's theory of inheritance happen?
Theory can't account for observations on life, implies all organisms would gradually become complex - simple organisms disappear.
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Different organisms can be classified by studying what?
The similarities and differences.
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What can they do?
Help us understand evolutionary relationships between different organisms.
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Variation is because of?
Different genes.
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Individuals with characteristics most suited to what is more likely to survive + reproduce?
The environment.
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Genes that allow individuals to be successful are passed on to whom?
The offspring.
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Individuals that are poorly adapted to the environment is less likely to do what?
Survive + reproduce - genes less likely to be passed on.
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Variation is caused by?
Both genes + the environment.
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What can be passed onto it's offspring?
Any variation caused by genes.
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Earth exists because of what?
Conditions when life was evolving.
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If conditions were different evolution (by natural selection) could produce what?
Different results.
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Gene changes are caused by what?
Mutations.
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What happens to a species if an environment changes?
Rapid changes.
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Rapid changes support what?
Theory of evo-natural selection.
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Before industrial revolution, what colour moth was camouflaged against pale birch trees?
White pepper moths.
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The black pepper moth's mutant + black colouring was easily spotted + eaten by birds. What advantage did this give to the white pepper moth?
More likely to survive + reproduce.
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Airborne pollution in industrial areas blacked the birch tree bark with what?
Soot.
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What does this mean for mutant + black moths?
They're now camouflage - can survive + reproduce. White moths are now vulnerable predators.
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Which type of pepper moth became more numerous in urban areas?
Black moths.
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At what speed do microorganisms (bacteria + viruses) reproduce?
Rapidly.
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In what amount of time do they evolve?
In a relatively short time.
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What can be damaged or changed when it reproduces?
DNA.
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What can this do?
Most of the time it causes death of the bacteria cell.
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On occasion, what is beneficial for a bacterial cell?
Mutations.
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What will it allow?
Resistance to an antibiotic - resistant bacteria has advantage over non resistant bacteria.
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What is increasing problems in hospitals?
Antibiotic resistance.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What produces offspring that resembles parents?

Back

Sexual reproduction.

Card 3

Front

Where are chromosomes found?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does the gene section of DNA carry?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What controls the development of characteristics of an organism?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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