Genetic Variation

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  • Created by: Omar-uni
  • Created on: 19-02-20 13:57
What is DNA composed of?
Deoxyribonucleotides- Phosphate group, Deoxyribose sugar and Nitrogenous base
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What is RNA composed of?
Ribonucleicacids- Phosphate group, Ribose sugar and Nitrogenous base
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What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?
Uracil replaces Thymine
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What is the Key function of RNA?
To act as an intermediate between DNA and Protein in its mRNA form
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What is Transcription?
DNA to mRNA
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What is Translation?
mRNA to Protein
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What bond joins a polymer of aminoacids?
A Peptide Bond
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What are the 4 structures of Proteins?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary
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What does the Central Dogma of Molecular biology describe?
The process by which genetic information flows from a DNA sequence to a Protein
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Where must Variation be in order to be passed onto the next generation?
In the Germline
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What is Genetic Variation?
Differences in the A,T,C,G sequences of DNA
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What is Epigenetic variation?
Differences in gene expression (not sequence)
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What is the Ultimate source of Genetic Variation?
Mutation
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What is a Point mutation?
When a single base pair is altered
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What are the Types of Point mutation?
Substitution + Indels (Insertion/Deletion) and Inversion
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What is meant by an Inversing Point Mutation?
Where 2 base pairs are Swapped round
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What is meant by Genetic variation?
Genetic Variation means that any specific region of the genome (a locus) might be represented by multiple slightly different DNA sequences (alleles)
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How many alleles do Diploid organisms have?
2 alleles, one from each parent
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What is meant by homozygous?
Both alleles are the same
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What is meant by heterozygous?
Different alleles
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What is the Law of segregation?
The 2 alleles for a heritable character segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
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What is a character?
An observable physical feature (e.g. eye colour)
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What is a trait?
A form of a character e.g. blue eyes
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What is a Heritable trait?
One passed from parent to offspring
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What influences the Phenotype?
Genotype and Environment
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What does Heritability estimate?
The proportion of the variation in a characteristic that is determined by a genotype
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What does a Heritability of 0 mean?
Genes have no effect, all variation is due to environmental influences
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What does Heritability of 1 mean?
All variation is determined by differences in genotype, the environment has no effect
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What does the Loss of genetic diversity lead to?
Reduction in evolutionary options in the long term= bottleneck populations. Low genetic diversity= large population
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What leads to increased inbreeding?
Bottlenecks
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What is Inbreeding?
Non- Random mating, individuals with similar genotypes are more likely to mate with eachother rather than with individuals with different genotypes
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What Phenotypic ratio does a cross of two heterozygotes lead to?
3:1
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What Genotypic ratio does a cross of two heterozygotes lead to?
1:2:1 genotypic ratio
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Card 2

Front

What is RNA composed of?

Back

Ribonucleicacids- Phosphate group, Ribose sugar and Nitrogenous base

Card 3

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What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the Key function of RNA?

Back

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Card 5

Front

What is Transcription?

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