Genetic Variation 0.0 / 5 ? zoologyEcology & EvolutionUniversityNone Created by: Omar-uniCreated on: 19-02-20 13:57 What is DNA composed of? Deoxyribonucleotides- Phosphate group, Deoxyribose sugar and Nitrogenous base 1 of 33 What is RNA composed of? Ribonucleicacids- Phosphate group, Ribose sugar and Nitrogenous base 2 of 33 What is the main difference between DNA and RNA? Uracil replaces Thymine 3 of 33 What is the Key function of RNA? To act as an intermediate between DNA and Protein in its mRNA form 4 of 33 What is Transcription? DNA to mRNA 5 of 33 What is Translation? mRNA to Protein 6 of 33 What bond joins a polymer of aminoacids? A Peptide Bond 7 of 33 What are the 4 structures of Proteins? Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary 8 of 33 What does the Central Dogma of Molecular biology describe? The process by which genetic information flows from a DNA sequence to a Protein 9 of 33 Where must Variation be in order to be passed onto the next generation? In the Germline 10 of 33 What is Genetic Variation? Differences in the A,T,C,G sequences of DNA 11 of 33 What is Epigenetic variation? Differences in gene expression (not sequence) 12 of 33 What is the Ultimate source of Genetic Variation? Mutation 13 of 33 What is a Point mutation? When a single base pair is altered 14 of 33 What are the Types of Point mutation? Substitution + Indels (Insertion/Deletion) and Inversion 15 of 33 What is meant by an Inversing Point Mutation? Where 2 base pairs are Swapped round 16 of 33 What is meant by Genetic variation? Genetic Variation means that any specific region of the genome (a locus) might be represented by multiple slightly different DNA sequences (alleles) 17 of 33 How many alleles do Diploid organisms have? 2 alleles, one from each parent 18 of 33 What is meant by homozygous? Both alleles are the same 19 of 33 What is meant by heterozygous? Different alleles 20 of 33 What is the Law of segregation? The 2 alleles for a heritable character segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes 21 of 33 What is a character? An observable physical feature (e.g. eye colour) 22 of 33 What is a trait? A form of a character e.g. blue eyes 23 of 33 What is a Heritable trait? One passed from parent to offspring 24 of 33 What influences the Phenotype? Genotype and Environment 25 of 33 What does Heritability estimate? The proportion of the variation in a characteristic that is determined by a genotype 26 of 33 What does a Heritability of 0 mean? Genes have no effect, all variation is due to environmental influences 27 of 33 What does Heritability of 1 mean? All variation is determined by differences in genotype, the environment has no effect 28 of 33 What does the Loss of genetic diversity lead to? Reduction in evolutionary options in the long term= bottleneck populations. Low genetic diversity= large population 29 of 33 What leads to increased inbreeding? Bottlenecks 30 of 33 What is Inbreeding? Non- Random mating, individuals with similar genotypes are more likely to mate with eachother rather than with individuals with different genotypes 31 of 33 What Phenotypic ratio does a cross of two heterozygotes lead to? 3:1 32 of 33 What Genotypic ratio does a cross of two heterozygotes lead to? 1:2:1 genotypic ratio 33 of 33
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