Genetic Influence Studies

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  • Created by: Lotto65
  • Created on: 18-12-16 12:28
What did Bouchard and McGue do?
Reviewed 111 studies of IQ correlation between siblings from intelligence research studies around the world
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What is a meta-analysis?
The make-up of data from a set of comparable studies where you can get a quantitative summary of obtained results
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What was the aim of the Bouchard and McGue study?
To investigate the role of genetics and the environment on intelligence
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What were the findings of the Bouchard and McGue study?
The closer the kinship, the higher the correlation for IQ
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What is the issue with using other people's studies?
Don't know what variables they controlled/ how reliable it is/ no guarantee of validity of studies
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Why does the Bouchard and McGue study increase population validity?
Taken studies from all around the world
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Did Bouchard and McGue use a large sample size?
Yes so lots of data
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What sort of data did Bouchard and McGue collect?
Quantitative date to help compare studies
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Who ran the Minnesota Twin Study?
Bouchard et al
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What was the procedure of the Minnesota Twin Study?
50 hours of testing and interviews for each twin
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What was the aim of the Minnesota Twin Study?
To investigate the effect of the environment on the intelligence of twins
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Which result is particularly interesting in the MTS?
Same person tested twice had result of 87% instead of 100%
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What are the possible reasons for the odd result in the MTS?
Intelligence is not fixed - inconsistency of IQ; 13% error; invalidity of tests
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What has been eliminated as a factor for the twins reared together?
Environment
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What can we conclude from the MTS?
Genetics plays a key role in intelligence
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What suggests the MTS was a reliable study?
Long time for tests / very thorough
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What sort of study was the MTS?
Longitudinal
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What is the equal environment assumption?
Assume they were raised the same way when they could have gone to different schools etc
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Why does the MTS increase the population validity?
Cross-cultural
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What is the problem with how they got the participants in the MTS?
Relied on the media so some interesting twins may have refused to participate or those that didn't know they were twins
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What is the problem with the actual results of the MTS?
They are just averages suggesting variation
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What was the procedure of the Scarr and Weinberg study?
IQ tests for parents and children (adopted and natural)
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What was the aim of the Scarr and Weinberg study?
To investigate the heritability of intelligence in natural and adopted children
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What were the findings of the Scarr and Weinberg study?
No significant IQ correlations between parent-child IQ for natural and adopted children
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What can we conclude from the Scarr and Weinberg study?
Genetics does not really affect intelligence of offspring; Environmental factors seem to have more of an impact so environment cannot be eliminated as a factor
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What sort of study was the Scarr and Weinberg study?
Snapshot
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Is the Scarr and Weinberg study representative of the wider population?
No
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What is the control of the Scarr and Weinberg study?
The inclusion of natural children
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Is there an equal environment assumption in the Scarr and Weinberg study?
Yes
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What is population bias in the Scarr and Weinberg study?
The parents were all white, middle class and the children were all from lower class, poor backgrounds with less social opportunities
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How was the Scarr and Weinberg study not well controlled?
Not adopted at same age; not equal environments makes it less reliable
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What sort of data was collected? Is that good/bad?
Quantitative which is good because you can compare parent and child easier
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Were environmental factors controlled in this experiment?
No - how well did parents get on with children? etc
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What was the procedure of the Plomin and Petrill study?
Test the IQ of parents and children who were at different ages
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What was the aim of the Plomin and Petrill experiment?
To investigate the correlations between parent and child IQs over time
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What can we conclude from the Plomin and Petrill study?
Our genetic disposition pushes us towards environments that accentuate that disposition, thus leading to increased heritability throughout lifespan
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Give an example of the Pomin and Petrill conclusion
Liking alcohol --> more pleasure centre activity --> go to pubs more often --> alcoholism
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What sort of study was the Plomin and Petrill study?
Snapshot
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What sort of data was produced?
Quantitative
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With adoption studies, how can you control all external/ environmental factors?
You can't
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What does replicable mean?
Can be repeated
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What is standard deviation?
How far the results stray from the mean
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What is internal validity?
A measure of whether or not the experiment is actually measuring what it set out to do
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Why are the Plomin and Petrill results less reliable/ valid?
The parents' intelligence changes
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True/false: The concept of intelligence is deterministic
True
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a meta-analysis?

Back

The make-up of data from a set of comparable studies where you can get a quantitative summary of obtained results

Card 3

Front

What was the aim of the Bouchard and McGue study?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What were the findings of the Bouchard and McGue study?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the issue with using other people's studies?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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