What percentage of the population have schizophrenia?
1%
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What does this percentage increase to if you have a sibling with schizophrenia?
9%
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What does this percentage rise to if you have an identical twin?
48%.
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What are candidate genes?
Genes that encode for specific disorders. Candidate genes have been implemented in the development of schizophrenia.
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Why is the disorder considered polygenic?
Because there are multiple genes involved in the development of schizophrenia, not just one.
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What did Ripke find?
108 separate variations were connected to a slightly higher chance of developing schizophrenia.
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Why is schizophrenia considered aetiologically heterogenous?
Because different combinations of factors, including genetic variation, lead to the condition.
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What do all the genes affect?
The transmission of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
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What did Gottesman and Shields find in their family study?
Children with 2 schizophrenic parents had a heritability rate of 46%.
Children with 1 parent with schizophrenia = 13%.
Siblings with schizophrenia = 9% concordance.
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What did Hilker find in his twin study?
A concordance rate of 33% for MZ twins and 7% concordance for DZ twins.
But, Gottesman and Shields found concordance rates between 75%-98% for MZ twins.
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What was found in Tienari et al adoption study?
1900 children who's biological mothers had been diagnosed with adulthood. Compared what happened to children if stayed with mother or if adopted and how they were raised. It was found if they were adopted by people with a harsh parenting style (high level
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(cont from previous)
of criticism, for example, and low empathy) then they were highly likely to develop schizophrenia themselves. But, only if they had the predisposition to begin with. Harsh parenting alone doesn't cause schizophrenia.
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What is a disadvantage of the genetic method?
Doesn't consider environmental factors e.g., Di Forti et al found smoking cannabis in teenage years increased the likelihood of developing schizophrenia. Childhood trauma also leaves individuals more vulnerable to developing schizophrenia.
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What did Morkved et al find?
67% of patients with schizophrenia reported childhood trauma, compared with 38% of a matched group with non-psychotic mental health problems.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does this percentage increase to if you have a sibling with schizophrenia?
Back
9%
Card 3
Front
What does this percentage rise to if you have an identical twin?
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