8.1- Genes and the genetic code

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  • Created by: Megan2413
  • Created on: 10-04-17 18:43
What is a gene?
A section of DNA that contains the coded information for making polypeptides and functional RNA
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What is included in functional RNA?
mRNA and tRNA
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Where can the location of the gene be described as?
The locus
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What is the genetic code?
The order of bases on a DNA molecule
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How many amino acids regularly occur in proteins?
20
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How many bases code for an amino acid?
3
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How many possible combinations of three bases are there is there are 4 DNA bases?
64
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What is a group of three DNA bases called?
Triplet
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What are the five features of the genetic code?
- Degenerate - Start code - Stop triplet- Non-overlapping - Universal
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What is meant by a degenerate code?
Most amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet (generally 2-6 triplets)
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What is the start code for every gene?
Methionine
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What is methionine?
A triplet at the start of every gene to show the start- it is later removed if it doesn't form part of the polypeptide
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What are stop triplets?
They mark the end of a gene and don't code for any amino acid.
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How many stop triplets are there?
3
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What is meant by non-overlapping code?
Each base sequence is only read once
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How is the genetic code universal?
Each triplet codes for the same amino acid in all organisms (with a few exceptions)
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What is indirect evidence for evolution?
The fact that the genetic code is universal
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What is an exon?
A coding section of a gene
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What is an intron?
A non-coding section of a gene
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What do introns usually contain?
Multiple repeats of bases
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What types of cells don't contain introns?
Prokaryotic cells
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is included in functional RNA?

Back

mRNA and tRNA

Card 3

Front

Where can the location of the gene be described as?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the genetic code?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How many amino acids regularly occur in proteins?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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