How closely related individuals are/proportion of shared genes
Estimate of the relative contribution of genes within a group on a particular phenotypic characteristics
Extent to which variation in a phenotypic characteristic is caused by genes
Proportion of shared characteristics between individuals
7. What is evolution?
Change over time in frequency of particular gene and characteristic produced in an interbreeding population
Change over time in usefulness of a particular gene and characteristic in an interbreeding population?
Characteristics useful for survival and reproduction are preserved and become more common
Physical or behavioural changes allowing an organisms to meet it's environmental needs
8. 'The environment determines where individuals fall within the boundaries of the possibilities our genes allow'. What genetic term does this statement describe?
Genetic screening
Reaction range
Genetic manipulation
Epigenetics
9. What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype?
Genotypes are genes from the father and phenotypes are genes from the mother
Genotypes are observable and phenotypes are not
Genotype is the genetic limitations of development whereas phenotypes are the interaction between genes and the environment
Genotypes are an individuals genetic makeup whereas phenotypes are characteristics caused by the environment
10. Certain problems can arise when the general public interpret theories of evolution. Which of the following problems describes circular reasoning?
Thinking about survival of the strongest instead of survival of the fittest
People think that because a trait is evident now that it was caused by evolution
Attributing all characteristics to natural selection as if evolution is planned
Thinking that all behaviours are caused by genes and so are unavoidable
11. Which of these describes how genes affect the environment?
Epigenetics
Selecting environments
Human gene intervention
Phenotypes
12. Which of these statements about mating preferences is true?
Men and women have opposite sexual desires
Men and women agree on desirable traits in a partner
Men and women's sexual desires match
Men and women agree on desire to settle with one partner
13. Somebody needs some water but they are poorly, so their dad gets them some water. What evolutionary behaviour does this demonstrate?
Evolutionary noise
Kin Selection
Mutations
Reciprocal altruism
14. 'Unlearned behaviours automatically triggered by releasing (specific) stimulus'. What does this describe?
Fixed action pattern
Culturally universal behaviour
Inherited behavioural adaptations
Environment shaping adaptation
15. Which of these facts about the big five are false?
Important through evolution
Universal traits
Have equal importance
Helped survival and reproduction
16. Which of these is not a feature of sexual strategies theory of mating preferences?
Prefer mates who have similar traits to ourselves
Mating reflects inherited tendencies
Mating reflects evolutionary responses to adaptive problems
Prefer mates who have traits that once aided survival
17. What is the difference between a gene and an allele?
A gene expresses characteristics and an allele blocks expression of characteristics
A gene is a biological unit of heredity whereas an allele is an alternative form of a gene that produce different characteristics
A gene is used during transcription and an allele is used during translation
A gene is made up of nucleotides but an allele is not
