Genes

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what are type of chromosome mutations
duplication, non-disjunction and inversion
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what are types of gene mutations
substitution, deletion and insertion
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what is a mutation
A mutation is a random change to the genetic material. The risks of mutation can be increased by mutagens e.g. ionising radiation
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how can the mutation occur
a change in the structure of number of chromosomes or a change in the DNA sequence
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what are the two different types of mutation
Germ line and somatic
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what is a germ line mutation
Associated with meiosis and gamete formation and may be inherited.
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what is a somatic mutation
Associated with mitosis and are NOT passed to offspring
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what are the different catagories of mutations
DNA mutations and chromosomal mutations
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what does DNA mutations include
Point mutation- one base pair is replaced by another (silent, missense, nonsense)
Deletions and insertions- one or more nucleotides are inserted/deleted.
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what are the different types of point mutation
silent, missense and nonsense
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what is a silent point mutation
If the base change means the same amino acid is coded for, this is a silent mutation.
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what is a missense point mutation
If the change in the base triplet changes the amino acid sequence.
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what is a nonsense point mutation
The change in the base triplet alters it to become a termination codon. The protein will not function.
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what effect does a missense mutation have on the gene expression
Can have a significant effect on the protein by altering the primary structure which in turn alters the tertiary structure.
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what can a missense mutation cause
Sickle cell anaemia- mutation of B-polypeptide chain due to valine instead of glutamic acid.
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what is a frameshift
If a number of nucleotides that is not a multiple of three is inserted into or deleted from the gene, all of the triplets after the mutation will be altered.
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what is the reading frame
This is because the code is non overlapping and read in groups of three bases.
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Card 2

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what are types of gene mutations

Back

substitution, deletion and insertion

Card 3

Front

what is a mutation

Back

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Card 4

Front

how can the mutation occur

Back

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Card 5

Front

what are the two different types of mutation

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