An argument whose conclusion follows from the truth of the premisis. If all its premises are true, it is guaranteed that the conclusion must be true.
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Inductive Argument
An argument that is intended to provide 'prohabilistic support' for its conclusion. If all the premises were true, the conclusion is probably true, or highly likely to be true, but not necessarily true.
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Fallacy
An error in reasoning. It is different to a factual error' it is when given premises fail to provide the required level of support, although appearing to do so.
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Argument from analogy
Often used in arguments about morality and law. It is a comparison or similarity drawn between two things or ideas. A common form of weak argument.
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Casual arguments
A weak type of inductive argument. It claims that one things happened as a direct result of something that occurred previously.
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Fact
It is objective and can be confirmed and supported by evidence. It is a statement about something that is known to be rather than something that is thought to be.
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Opinion
This is subjective and concerns an individuals feelings. It may be based on experience and may not have universal agreement. They are often not supported by evidence.
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Objectivity
Seeing the world as it really is (rather than how we personally think it is). It considers facts without the influence of personal opinions.
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Subjectivity
Experiences or beliefs based on an individuals unique perception of the world. It is based on personal feelings, tastes or opinions
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Innate knowledge
The knowledge we are born possessing
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Empirical knowledge
Newly discovered knowledge through experience of observation
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Moral values
May be treated as factual, but are really subjective. They can be shared with others and help to shape behaviour.
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Belief
Things which an individual, group or society holds to be true, or acts as though it believes to be true. They may be matters of opinion. We should be able to justify our beliefs.
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Assertion
A claim made with confidence byt without any supporting evidence to justify it.
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Premises
A previous statement from which another is inferred.
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Utilitarianism
The philosophical doctrine that judges activities according to whether they promote the greatest food for the greatest number, i.e. whether they make more people happier.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
An argument that is intended to provide 'prohabilistic support' for its conclusion. If all the premises were true, the conclusion is probably true, or highly likely to be true, but not necessarily true.
Back
Inductive Argument
Card 3
Front
An error in reasoning. It is different to a factual error' it is when given premises fail to provide the required level of support, although appearing to do so.
Back
Card 4
Front
Often used in arguments about morality and law. It is a comparison or similarity drawn between two things or ideas. A common form of weak argument.
Back
Card 5
Front
A weak type of inductive argument. It claims that one things happened as a direct result of something that occurred previously.
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