General Facts-Module 4

?
  • Created by: katelees
  • Created on: 22-01-17 14:23
What does aliphatic mean?
Where C atoms form open chains.
1 of 51
What does alicylic mean?
The C atoms form into a ring.
2 of 51
What does aromantic mean?
Contains a benzene ring.
3 of 51
What is E/Z isomerism?
A type of stereoisomerism where there must be a C=C bond and both C atoms attatched to different groups.
4 of 51
What is homolytic fission?
A chemical reaction in which the breaking of bonds yields molecular fragments each having one unpaired electron.
5 of 51
What is heterolytic fission?
A chemical reaction in which the breaking of bonds leads to the formation of ion pairs.
6 of 51
What are London forces?
A type of intermolecular force which occur between hydrocarbons and they rely on surface contact.
7 of 51
What is the bond angle of a HCH bond?
109.5
8 of 51
What shape do alkanes have?
Tetrahedral.
9 of 51
What are the three stages to radical substitution?
Initiation, propagation and termination.
10 of 51
What is the initiation stage?
The formation of two radicals.
11 of 51
What is the propagation stage?
Two repeated steps to build up the desired product.
12 of 51
What is the termination stage?
When two radicals collide and make a stable product.
13 of 51
What problem is there with radical substitution?
There are further reactions.
14 of 51
What are positional isomers?
Where the functional group is moved.
15 of 51
What of bonds do alkanes have?
Sigma
16 of 51
What bonds to alkenes have?
Sigma and Pi
17 of 51
What shape are alkenes?
Trigonal planar
18 of 51
What bond angles do alkenes have?
120
19 of 51
What are sigma bonds?
They are a overlap of s orbitals above and below the C atoms.
20 of 51
What are pi bonds?
They are a sideways overlap of p orbitals above and below the carbon atoms.
21 of 51
What are the conditions for the addition of hydrogen+alkene?
150 C and nickel catalyst.
22 of 51
What are the conditions for the addition of steam+alkene?
300 C, 65 atm and phosphoric catalyst.
23 of 51
What is an electrophile?
An electron pair acceptor.
24 of 51
What is electrophillic addition?
The adding of an electrophile to make one product.
25 of 51
What is a copolymer?
Two different monomers repeating.
26 of 51
What is a primary alcohol?
The C the OH is on is bonded to one alkyl group.
27 of 51
What is a secondary alcohol?
The C the OH is on is bonded to two alkyl groups.
28 of 51
What is a tertiary alcohol?
The C the OH is on is bonded to three alkyl groups.
29 of 51
Which has a higher boiling point, an alkane of the corresponding alcohol?
The alcohol.
30 of 51
What does a primary alcohol form when distilled?
An aldehyde and water.
31 of 51
What does a primary alcohol form when heated under reflux?
A carboxylic acid.
32 of 51
What is the functional group of an aldehyde?
H-C=O
33 of 51
What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?
HO-C=O
34 of 51
What is the oxidising agent?
Acidified potassium dichromate.
35 of 51
What is the colour change when using acidified potassium dichromate?
Orange-->Dark green
36 of 51
What do secondary alcohols oxidise to?
A ketone and water.
37 of 51
What is the functional group of the ketone?
C=O
38 of 51
What is substitution is terms of alcohols?
Where a halide takes the place of the alcohol group to form a haloalkane.
39 of 51
What conditions are needed for susbtitution?
An acid catalyst H2SO4 or H3PO4 and warming.
40 of 51
What is elimination in terms of alcohols?
Where an alcohol loses a water molecule and forms an alkane.
41 of 51
What are the conditions needed for elimination?
170C, H2SO4 OR H3PO4 and warming.
42 of 51
What are haloalkanes?
They are saturated organic compounds that contain carbon atoms and at least one halogen atom.
43 of 51
What does a haloalkane+hydroxide ion form?
Alcohol+halide ion.
44 of 51
What is this process: haloalkane+hydroxide ion?
Nucleophillic substitution.
45 of 51
What is a nucleophile?
An electron pair donor.
46 of 51
What happens to molecules when they absorb infared radiation?
They absorb the energy and makes covalent bonds bend and stretch.
47 of 51
What are greeenhouse gases?
These are molecules which absorb large amounts of infared radiation.
48 of 51
What is the fingerprint region?
An area on the infared spectra below 1500cm-1 which is unique for each molecule.
49 of 51
What is the molecular ion peak?
It tells you the relative molecular mass and is always the peak with the biggest m/z reading.
50 of 51
What are M+1 and M+2 peaks?
There are tiny peaks which occur after the molecular ion peak due to some elements having isotopes.
51 of 51

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does alicylic mean?

Back

The C atoms form into a ring.

Card 3

Front

What does aromantic mean?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is E/Z isomerism?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is homolytic fission?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

alanahmae

Report

*aromatic not aromantic

Similar Chemistry resources:

See all Chemistry resources »See all General resources »