General - biology topic 1

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  • Created by: user123
  • Created on: 14-04-19 16:38
Difference in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
prokaryotic are smaller and simpler
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give one prokaryotic cell
bacterial cell
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3 sub-cellular structures plants have that animals don't
chloroplasts, vacuole, cell wall
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nucleus
contains genetic info and controls cell acivity
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cytoplasm
where most chemical reactions happen in the cell
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what does cytoplasm contain
enzymes to control the reactions
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mitochondria
where aerobic respiration reactions happen
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ribosomes
responsible for protein synthesis
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cell wall made of
cellulose
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cell wall
supports and strengthens cell
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vacuole
contains cell sap
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chloroplasts
where photosynthesis occurs
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chloroplasts contain
chlorophyll which absorbs light for photosynthesis
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plasmids
small rings of DNA
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magnification eq
magnification = image / real
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sperm cells specialised for
reproduction
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nerve cells specialised for
rapid signalling
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muscle cells specialised for
contraction
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root hair cells specialised for
absorbing water and minerals
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xylem and phlegm cells specialised for
transporting substances
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differentiation
process by which a cell become specialised for its job
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which organism looses ability to differentiate at a young age
animals
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chromosomes
coiled up lengths of DNA carrying a large number of genes
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how do prokaryotic cells replicate
binary fission
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diffusion
spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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osmosis
movement of water across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration
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active transport
when substances are absorbed against a concentration gradient
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where in the human body is active transport used
in the gut where there is a lower concentration of nutrients in the gut but a higher concentration of nutrients in the blood
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what is the SA to volume ratio like in single-celled organisms
large SA - V ratio
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what is the SA- V ratio like in multicellular organisms
smaller SA compared to volume
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where are alveoli
lungs
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alveoli properties to maximise diffusion 4
thin walls, moist lining for dissolving gases, large SA, good blood supply
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where are villi
small intestine
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3 villi properties
thin, good blood supply, large SA
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2 leaf adaptations to increase diffusion
air spaces, flat leaf shape
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gills
exchange surface in fish
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lamellae
cover gill filaments and increase SA more.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

give one prokaryotic cell

Back

bacterial cell

Card 3

Front

3 sub-cellular structures plants have that animals don't

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

nucleus

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

cytoplasm

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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