Gene expression

?
  • Created by: LZ95
  • Created on: 13-05-14 19:39
How do differentiated cells differ from each other?
They produce different proteins
1 of 17
What are totipotent cells?
Cells that can mature into any type of body cell
2 of 17
Name 2 ways in which gene expression can be stopped
1. Preventing transcription (no mRNA) 2. Breaking down mRNA before it is translated
3 of 17
What are stem cells?
Undifferentiated dividing cells occurring in adult animal tissues.
4 of 17
Name 3 places where stem cells can be found
1. Inner lining of small intestine 2. The skin 3. The bone marrow
5 of 17
Why are stem cells useful?
In the right conditions they can be used to treat a variety of genetic disorders.
6 of 17
How are stem cells different in plants?
Many plant cells can develop into any other type of cell.
7 of 17
What are transcriptional factors?
Specific molecules which stimulate genes to move from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
8 of 17
How does a transcriptional factor stimulate transcription?
It binds to a specific region of the DNA in the nucleus.
9 of 17
What happens to a transcriptional factor when a gene is not expressed?
An inhibitor molecules binds to the binding site of the transcriptional factor so transcription cannot occur.
10 of 17
Why does oestrogen diffuse easily through the phospholipid portion of cell surface membranes?
As it is lipid soluble.
11 of 17
What does oestrogen bind to when in the cytoplasm?
The site on the receptor molecule of the transcriptional factor.
12 of 17
How does oestrogen prevent the inhibitor from stopping gene expression?
It changes the shape of the receptor molecule so the inhibitor is released from the DNA binding site.
13 of 17
What is siRNA?
Small sections of cut RNA.
14 of 17
How does siRNA guide an enzyme to mRNA?
By pairing up complementary bases on a section of the mRNA.
15 of 17
How does the enzyme attached to siRNA prevent translation?
It cuts mRNA into smaller sections so it can no longer be translated into a polypeptide.
16 of 17
Name two uses of siRNA
1. Blocks genetic diseases 2. Used to identify role of genes in a biological pathway
17 of 17

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are totipotent cells?

Back

Cells that can mature into any type of body cell

Card 3

Front

Name 2 ways in which gene expression can be stopped

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are stem cells?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Name 3 places where stem cells can be found

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all DNA, genetics and evolution resources »