Mutation associated with mitotic division, these aren't passed to offspring
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Which mutations may be inherited by the offspring?
Mutations associated with meiosis and gamete formation
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What are the 3 ways a gene mutation can occur?
Substitution, Deletion and Insertion
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What is a point mutation?
when one base pair replaces another (substitution)
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What is a frameshift?
when the nucleotide base pairs are not in multiples of 3, altering all subsequent triplets as the code is non-overlapping
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What are the 3 types of Point Mutation?
Silent, Missense and Nonsense
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What is a silent mutation?
a change in the base triplet that doesn't alter the primary, secondary or tertiary structure, meaning that the triplet still codes for the same amino acid
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What is a Missense mutation?
when the base triplet is changed altering the primary structure hence the secondary and tertiary structures leading to a change in the amino acid sequence in a protein
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What is a nonsense mutation?
a change in the base triplet causing it to become a termination (stop) triplet. This synthesises a shortened, non-functional protein
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What is a beneficial mutation?
one that has an advantageous effect on an organism, e.g. increase chance of survival. Ability to digest lactose is a benefical mutation
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What is a harmful mutation?
one that has a disadvantageous effect on an organism, decreasing its chance of survival
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What is a mutagen?
a chemical, physical or biological agent which causes a mutation
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What is an Example of a physical mutagen?
Ionizing radiations such as x-rays
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What is an Example of a chemical mutagen?
Deaminating agents
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What is an example of a biological mutagen?
alkylating agents, base analogs and viruses
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How does an ionizing radiation cause a mutation?
it breaks one or both DNA strands
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How does a deaminating agent cause a mutation?
it chemically alters bases in DNA changing the base sequence
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How does an alkylating agent cause a mutation?
it attaches a methyl or ethyl group to bases resulting in incorrect pairing of bases during replication
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How does a base analog cause a mutation?
it's incorporated into DNA in place of the usual base during replication changing the base sequence
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How does a virus cause a mutation?
Viral DNA inserts itself into a genome changing the base sequence
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a somatic mutation caused by?
Back
Mutation associated with mitotic division, these aren't passed to offspring
Card 3
Front
Which mutations may be inherited by the offspring?
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