This states that the male way of speaking is the normative and that the female departs from the norm. Distinctive features of m/f language create 'genderlect'.
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Name some trends of female 'genderlect'.
Hedges : Tag questions : Adjectives : Hypercorrect grammar and punctuation : Indirect speech : Intensifiers
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Name some trends of male 'genderlect'.
Direct speech : Swearing : More jokes : Simplified vocab : Non-standard forms with covert prestige
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Deborah Tannen suggested the Different Approach. What is this?
It suggests men and women use language differently. Difference believed to start from childhood, parents use words regarding emotions/feelings towards girls and verbs for boys.
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The Different Approach consists of 6 'differences'. What is Status Vs. Support?
Men see conversation as a contest whereas women do not.
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Independence Vs. Intimacy?
Men see consulting with partner to be 'asking for perimission' rather than simply discussing.
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Advice Vs. Understanding?
Men see a complaint as a challenge to come up w/ a solution whereas women look for emotional support and not solutions.
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Information Vs. Feelings?
Men - talk is information, has practical purpose.
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Orders Vs. Proposals?
Women hedge their orders whereas men are more direct.
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Conflict Vs. Compromise?
Women are reluctant to openly oppose others.
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What did Jenifer Coates state relating to gender rep?
Talks of the nature of 'banter' between males and boys. Described as 'verbal jousting' and is used as a mean of contructing solidarity between them.
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What did Levi-Strauss state about mental structures?
That certain characteristics stem from functions of the brain, that we share a common mental structure that make people think the same regardless of culture/society.
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Levi-strauss also stated about binary oppositions. What are these?
An aspect of classification in terms of opposition or contrast. He argued that a fundamental characteristic of humans is the desire to find a midpoint between such oppositions.
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What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
Language has power, can control how you see the world. Can shape ones perspective of the world.
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This hypothesis also gives two paired principles, one of which being 'linguistic determinism', what is this?
Language we use to some extent determines the way in which we view the world.
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How about 'linguistic relativity'?
People who speak different languages perceive and think about the world differerently from one another.
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Peter Trudgill speaks of the use of non-standard forms in language. Which gender did he state uses more non-standard forms?
Men more than women, regardless of social class. He also stated that men deliberately adopt non-standard English for covert prestige.
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What percentage did Janet Hyde state that women speak more than men?
0.11%.
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Who created the Dominance Model?
Zimmerman and West (1975).
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What does this model state?
96% of interuptions in mixed sex conversations were made by males.
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Dale Spender supports this model, what do they say about language?
Argues the social world is using language which is bias against women and reinforces male power. Reflects patriarchal order.
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NOT SPOKEN. What did Janet Holmes state in her 'chicken metaphor' argument?
Animal imagery used for women is less positive, E.G 'cow'. Males less so. Food imagery also equally insulting.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Name some trends of female 'genderlect'.
Back
Hedges : Tag questions : Adjectives : Hypercorrect grammar and punctuation : Indirect speech : Intensifiers
Card 3
Front
Name some trends of male 'genderlect'.
Back
Card 4
Front
Deborah Tannen suggested the Different Approach. What is this?
Back
Card 5
Front
The Different Approach consists of 6 'differences'. What is Status Vs. Support?
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