Why does Heidensohn believe gender differences are the most significant feature of recorded crimes?
4/5 convicted offenders are male. By the age of 40, 9% of females have a criminal conviction compared to 32% of males.
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What is Pollak's chivalry thesis?
Most criminal agents are men and men are socialised to act in a 'chivalrous' way; they have a protective attitude. Therefore, the CJS is more likely to be lenient with women so their crimes are not recorded
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What is Heidensohn's double deviancy?
The courts treat females more harshly than males because crimes go against their gender role.
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Why does Pat Carlen argue there is a double deviancy?
Courts make decisions based on the women's role as a mother. For example, they have to consider childcare
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How does Parson's Sex Role theory explain the lower rate of female crime?
Women perform the expressive role and are brought up to be nurturing. Boys reject the feminine models of behaviour and adopt aggressive, anti-social behaviour
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What is Heidensohn and Carlen's Patriarchal Control Theory?
Patriarchal society imposes more control over women, preventing than from committing crime. They are controlled at work, in public and at home.
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Give one criticism of Carlen and Heidensohn?
They are too deterministic and ignore the view women are free thinking individuals
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What is Alder's Liberation Thesis?
As women become liberated from patriarchy, their crimes will become as frequent and as serious as men's. The rise in girl gangs shows women's greater confidence and the fact that patriarchal controls have lessened
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What is Messerschmidt's masculinity explanation of crime?
Masculinity is a social construct and in society hegemonic masculinity is the dominant form. However, it is an unrealistic target because boys cannot reach the 'James Bond Standard' and instead use crime to accomplish masculinity
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Give two criticisms of Messerschmidt
He doesn't explain why not all men use crime to accomplish masculinity. He overworks the concept of masculinity to explain all male crimes
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What is Postmodern argument of male crime (Winlow)?
Globalisation has resulted in a loss of manual jobs where w/c men could express their masculinity. There has also been an expansion of 'feminine' jobs, so men face a crisis of masculinity. Night-time economy has created new masculine jobs
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is Pollak's chivalry thesis?
Back
Most criminal agents are men and men are socialised to act in a 'chivalrous' way; they have a protective attitude. Therefore, the CJS is more likely to be lenient with women so their crimes are not recorded
Card 3
Front
What is Heidensohn's double deviancy?
Back
Card 4
Front
Why does Pat Carlen argue there is a double deviancy?
Back
Card 5
Front
How does Parson's Sex Role theory explain the lower rate of female crime?
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