gender ; chromosomes and hormones (textbook print out)
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- Created by: jimnpam
- Created on: 25-11-17 12:01
what is sex determined by?
a person's biological status of male / female
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usually categorised based on which body part?
genitals
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but biology of sex is determined by?
chromosomes and hormones
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CHROMOSOMES
CHROMOSOMES
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humans have how many pairs of chromosomes?
23
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with one of each pair from?
each parent
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which pair contains our sex chromosomes?
23rd
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what is the pattern for female?
**
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making male?
xy
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these chromosomes then influence which two things?
hormone exposure / body development
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HORMONES - TESTOSTERONE
THIS IS THE BOY ONE FYI
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at how many weeks does gender development take place?
9
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until then what's the only difference in sex of the embryo?
chromosomes
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then, at 9 weeks what in the xy foetus become testes?
gonads
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which then start to produce?
testosterone
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which gene does they 'y' chromosome contain?
the sex-determining region y (SRY)
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that does what?
instructs the gonads to become testes
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production of testosterone then informs developing foetus to take on?
male characteristics
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what happens to the brain because of this?
becomes masculinised
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and the foetus develops which two masculine characteristics?
aggression / competitiveness
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HORMONES - OESTROGEN
THIS IS THE GIRL ONE
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lack of 'y' chromosome in an ** embryo also means lack of which gene?
SRY gene
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therefore what instruction lacks?
gonads to testes
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therefore developing sex organs then become?
ovaries
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which produce hormones such as?
oestrogen
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that do what to the body?
feminise
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so it develops feminine physical features such as?
breast tissue
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oestrogen is also involved in changes associated with which cycle?
menstrual cycle
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as well as feminine traits like?
sensitivity
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HORMONES - OXYTOCIN
I THINK BOTH HAVE THIS ONE?
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acts in which sex?
both male and female (hah! tricked u it's both, well i mean i did of u don't read the back of the capital slides, if u do then u would already know and if u do but just don't trust me then shame)
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though it has a much more significant effect in which sex?
female
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as works in combination with?
oestrogen
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oxytocin is associated with which behaviours?
reproductive
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e.g stimulating and regulating what during childbirth?
contractions
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also helps with production of?
breast milk
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in both males and females oxytocin levels increase during?
sex
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to increase?
intimacy levels
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but in which sex do they drop significantly post-******?
males
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oxytocin is also closely linked to nurturing behaviour associated with?
child rearing
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RESEARCH - MONEY AND EHRHARDT ('72)
YUP
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studied mothers who had taken kind of medication during pregnancy
medication containing testosterone
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and found girl babes showed more?
masculine traits than those whose mothers hadn't
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RESEARCH - ALBRECHT AND PEPE ('97)
WHT
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gave what hormone to pregnant baboons?
oestrogen
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and found it reduced chances of?
miscarriage
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suggesting oestrogen is associated with?
successful pregnancy (but it is a baboon tho)
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RESEARCH - ELBOURNE ET AL
FJSIDF
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gave which hormone to women in final stage of childbirth?
oxytocin
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and found it lowered or highered risk of complications?
lowered
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supporting idea that?
oxytocin is needed for successful birth
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EVALUATION - WEAKNESS
sdif
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many hormone studies have been conducted on?
animals
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which is a weakness because?
human and animal behaviours are very different?
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as is human / animal?
biology
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making which assumption problematic?
the assumption that they can be explained the same
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creating issues in?
generalisability
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EVALUATION - YET ANOTHER WEAKNESS
SKS
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what is incorrectly assumed about male and female hormones?
that they're mutually exclusive
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but what's the reality?
different concentrations can be found in both males and females
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hormones are also part of complex physiological systems controlling what?
gender-specific traits / behaviours
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meaning what kind of bias is being placed upon hormonal sex differences?
beta-bias
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as the involvement of hormones in sexes are being treated?
too simply
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
usually categorised based on which body part?
Back
genitals
Card 3
Front
but biology of sex is determined by?
Back
Card 4
Front
CHROMOSOMES
Back
Card 5
Front
humans have how many pairs of chromosomes?
Back
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