Gender & Sexual Orientation

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1800's
Misogynistic Society
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Custody of Children Act 1839
If a marriage broke down and the parents separated, children under 7 should stay with their mother
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Custody of Infants Act 1873
Allowed the Court of Chancery to order that a mother would have access to, or custody of, any infants under 16.
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Guardianship of Infants Act 1925
Mothers given equality in custody of children.
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Matrimonial Causes Act 1857
Allowed women to divorce husbands who were cruel or who had left them (but not just for adultery unlike men)
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The Married Women's Property Act 1870
Allowed women to be the legal owners of the money they earned and to inherit property.
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1891
Women could not be forced to live with their husbands.
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Matrimonial Causes Act 1937
Made divorce easier, particularly for women.
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Equality Act 2010
- Brought together multiple legislation into one to protect males/female employees from discrimination, harassment, victimisation i.e. ensure managers do not favour particular gender - Also protects from sexual harassment.
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Issue with Equality Act
Inadequate since recent legislation has aimed to address women's workplace rights in terms of the way in which they are expected to dress whilst at work.
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Nicola Thorp Case
- "London receptionist was sent home from work after refusing to wear high heels" - "Refused and complained male colleagues were not asked to do the same" - set up petition calling for law to be changed so women cannot be forced to wear heels to work
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Dave Roberts
- Worked for special events team in Portsmouth and says he had to wear inappropriate suit while doing manual work - "at weekends we 4 males were ordered to wear bright white shirts, ties, pressed trousers, and shiny black shoes"
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Dave Roberts cont'd
- first job is to load wheelie bins onto trailer and deploy to Southsea Common. Have to set up trestle tables that had been bombed by every seagull on the Solent - all while remaining neat and presentable
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Definition of Feminism
The advocacy of women's rights on the ground of equality of the sexxes
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Two periods of mass activity
1. first wave feminism 2. second wave feminism
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Representation of the People Act 1918
- reform electoral system in UK - all men gained the vote in constituency where they were resident - women over 30 got vote if they were a member or married to member of the Local Govt. register, property owner or graduate voting in Uni constituency
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Representation of People Act 1928
- campaigning continued until 1928 - extended voting franchise to all women over 21, ultimately granting women the vote on the same terms as men
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Case of Custody
In the case of divorce, child custody was initially granted to father
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Custody of Infants Act 1839
Permitted a mother to petition the courts for custody of children up to the age of 7, and for access in respect of older children and was ultimately the first step of a new doctrine in the area of child custody.
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Custody of Infants Act 1873
Section 1 allowed the order that a mother would have access, or custody of, infants under 16 and Section 3 repealed the act of 1839.
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1925
Mothers given full equality in custody of children as the Guardianship of Infants Act was passed
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1900's Women's Votes: Representations of the People Act 1918
enfranchising women over the age of 30 who met minimum property qualifications
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The Representation of the People Act 1928
extended the voting franchise to all women over the age of 21, granting women the vote on the same terms as men
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Equal Pay Act 1870
made it illegal to pay women less money for the same job as men for the same work
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Equal Pay Act Study
Ford sewing machinists strike in 1968.
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Employment Protection Act 1975
Made it illegal to dismiss someone on the grounds of pregnancy and established maternity leave.
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Sex Discrimination Act 1975
Made it illegal to discriminate against women in education, employment and training.
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Domestic Violence - Case of Ken Gregory
- Suffered 1st degree burns to 14% of his body by his ex-wife who tipped a kettle of boiling water over his head - attack was culmination in weeks of verbal abuse - had tea poured on him while he slept
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Buggery Act 1533
- unnatural sexual act against will of God and man - capital offence
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Section 61: Offences Against the Person Act 1861
****** and **********: "whoever shall be convicted of the abominable crime of buggery, committed either with mankind or with any animal, shall be liable...to be kept in penal servitude for life..."
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Marriage Act 1949
defined marriage as between a man and a woman
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The Nullity of Marriage Act 1971
explicitly banned same sex marriages
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Matrimonial Causes Act 1973
Reiterated the provisions of Nullity of Marriage Act
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Custody of Children Act 1839

Back

If a marriage broke down and the parents separated, children under 7 should stay with their mother

Card 3

Front

Custody of Infants Act 1873

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Guardianship of Infants Act 1925

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Matrimonial Causes Act 1857

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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