Gender and Educational Achievement

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What are the 4 external explanations for girls achievement?
The impact of feminism, changes in the family, changes in women's employment and girls' changing ambitions
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How does the impact of feminism explain girls educational success?
Feminism has challenged the stereotypes of women's roles. McRobbie's comparison of girls magazines found that in the 70s, magazines stressed the importance og getting married whereas in the 90s, they stressed independence and careers
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How does changes in the family explain girls educational success?
There has been an increase in divorce, cohabitation and lone-parent families which affect girls' attitudes towards education. More women need to take on the income role which creates a new financially independent, career-minded role model for girls
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How does changes in female employment explain girls educational success?
Women in employment has risen from 50% in 1959 to 70% in 2007. Women are breaking through the glass ceiling and these greater opportunities provide an incentive for girls to take education seriously
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How does girls' changing ambitions explain girls educational success?
Sharp compared the results of interviews carried out with girls in the 70s & 90s. In the 70s, girls had low aspirations and saw educational success as unfeminine while in the 90s, girls were more likely to see a future as a independent career woman
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What are the four internal explanations for girls' educational success?
Equal opportunities policies, GCSE's and Coursework, challenging curriculum stereotypes and positive role models in schools.
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How does equal opportunities polices explain girls educational success?
Policies such as GIST (Girls into Science and Technology) and WISE (Women into Science and Engineering) encourage girls to pursue careers in non-traditional areas. The introduction of the new curriculum: girls and boys had to study the same things
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How do GCSEs and coursework explain girls educational success?
The gender gap increased after the introduction of GCSEs and coursework in 1988. Girls are more organised than boys and thus do better in coursework
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How do positive role models explain girls educational success?
The proportion of female teachers and headteachers has increased, providing more positive role models for girls to strive towards
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How does the challenging of curriculum stereotypes explain girls educational success?
Removing stereotypes from textbooks and other learning materials has removed a barrier to girls' achievement
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How do liberal and radical feminists differ on their view of education?
Liberals are positive about the process and foresee further progress resulting from equal opportunity policies and overcoming sexist attitudes while radicals argue education is still male dominated e.g. sexual harrassment
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How does Archer's symbolic capital explain the gender gap?
w/c girls gain status by adopting a hyper-heterosexual feminine identity. However, the symbolic capital conflicts with school, preventing girls gaining economic and educational capital.
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What are the 3 external explanations for boys underachievement?
Poorer literacy skills, globalisation and the decline of traditional jobs and unrealistic expectations
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How does boys' poorer literacy skills explain boys educational success?
Women are more likely to read to their children than men and girls therefore have a same-sex role model to encourage them to read whereas boys don't, resulting in poorer literacy skills
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How does globalisation explain boys educational success?
Jobs in the iron and steel industries have declined as a result of globalisation. The decline in male manual work results in a crisis of masculinity for w/c boys who have low self esteem and lack motivation to do well at school
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How do unrealistic expectations explain boys educational success?
Boys are often surprised when they fail exams and put their failure down to bad luck. Boys are also more likely to have unrealistic career aspirations and require few formal qualifications e.g. footballers
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What are the 3 internal explanations for boys underachievement?
The feminisation of education, teacher interaction and laddish subcultures
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How does the feminisation of education explain boys educational success?
Sewell argues schools emphasise feminine traits which put boys at a disadvantage. Moreover, the lack of male role models in school means boys are unable to concentrate as male teachers are seen as better to impose discipline
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How does teacher interaction explain boys educational success?
For girls, feedback from teachers focused on their work while for boys the focus was on their behaviour. This mean boys frequently overestimated their abilities
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How do laddish subcultures explain boys educational success?
W/C boys want to be avoided being labelled as 'swots' by their peers as this threatened their masculinity
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How does early socialisation explain gender differences in subject choices?
Early socialisation leads to boys and girls having different tastes in reading and these can lead to different subject choices. Boys tend to read hobby books which develops an interest in science while girls read stories about people
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How does peer pressur explain gender differences in subject choices?
Pupils see sport as being the male gender domain and will label girls as 'butch' if they show too much interest in it
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How do double standards reinforce male gender identities?
There is a double standard of sexual morality in which boys boast about their sexual exploits but call girls 'slags' if she doesn't have a steady boyfriend
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How does the 'male gaze' reinforce male gender identities?
Girls are looked up and down by boys and are viewed as sexual objects
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How does verbal abuse reinforce male gender identities?
Boys use name calling to put girls down if they behave in certain ways
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How does the impact of feminism explain girls educational success?

Back

Feminism has challenged the stereotypes of women's roles. McRobbie's comparison of girls magazines found that in the 70s, magazines stressed the importance og getting married whereas in the 90s, they stressed independence and careers

Card 3

Front

How does changes in the family explain girls educational success?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How does changes in female employment explain girls educational success?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How does girls' changing ambitions explain girls educational success?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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