humans and animals are more similar than dissimilar
humans and animals are more dissimilar than similar
7. Examples of the biosocial approach
baby bruce (biology limiting gender development), society constantly changing gender, Smith and Llyod
hormones, neural, evolution
8. Clark & Hatfield
attractive confederates approached opposite-sex and asked 1/3 questions: males more willing to engage in causal sex.
attractive confederates approached opposite-sex and asked 1/3 questions: females more willing to engage in causal sex.
attractive confederates approached opposite-sexand asked 1/3 questions: males and females both willing to engage in causal sex.
9. Biosocial approach
the interaction of both the environment and genetics influecing gender
genetics influecing gender
the environment influecing gender
10. Young et al
female monkeys injected with female hormones during pre-natal development, more likely to engage in rough play. Well-controlled but unethical & cannot generalise.
female monkeys injected with male hormones during pre-natal development, more likely to engage in rough play. Well-controlled but unethical & cannot generalise.
male monkeys injected with male hormones during pre-natal development, more likely to engage in rough play. Well-controlled but unethical & cannot generalise.
11. AO1 - why males and females behave differently
females and males have the same level of oestrogen
female and male are identical to begin with but then the relative balance of hormones is important for the way people behave
females and males have the same level of androgens
12. Hunters and Gatherers - Natural Selection
Females have good memories as they need to remember where food scattered to gather resources. Males aggressive and fit to fight to protect offspring,
males have good memories as they need to remember where food scattered to gather resources. Females aggressive and fit to fight to protect offspring,
13. What is the difference in risk taking between males and females?
males are more likely to take risks, due to more testosterone whereas females take less risk. Twist and Stacey found that women were involved in more impactful car crash.
males are more likely to take risks, due to more testosterone whereas females take less risk. Twist and Stacey found that women were involved in less impactful car crash.
females are more likely to take risks, due to more testosterone whereas males take less risk. Twist and Stacey found that women were involved in less impactful car crash.
14. Free-will vs determinism
determinism is an implication as people can chose the way they act
free-will is an implication as people can chose the way they act
15. AO2/3 - Wagner et al
found that castration of rats causes aggression to decrease and injections of testosterone decreased aggression
found that castration of rats causes aggression to increase but injections of testosterone decreased aggression
found that castration of rats causes aggression to decrease but injections of testosterone increased aggression
found that castration of rats causes aggression to increase and injections of testosterone increased aggression
16. AO2/3 - Nelson
Methodological issues as he didnt take into account situtational causes and cannot establish cause and effect
56 men used aged between 22-50, given frustration game = increased aggression but were differences between individuals
can establish cause and effect
17. Williams and Best
gender stereotypes in 30 cultures, 100 male and females asked to associate words with gender: males were dominant & aggressive, females were nurturant & expressive.
gender stereotypes in 30 cultures, 100 male and females asked to associate words with gender: females were dominant & aggressive, males were nurturant & expressive.
