GCSE Music flash cards

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List 5 key features of Minimalism
1-layers of ostinati 2-constant repeated patterns 3-layered textures 4-interlocking repeated phrases and rhythms 5-diatonic harmony
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Where and when did Minimalism begin?
San Francisco, America - 1960's
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When was Steve Reich born?
1936
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When was Electric counterpoint composed?
1987
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What does counterpoint mean?
A texture where 2 melodies combine
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What instruments is Electric Counterpoint designed for?
15 guitars (1 solo guitar, 12 guitars and 2 bass guitars)
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How many movements is Electric Counterpoint in?
3
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What kind of time signature does movement 3 have and what type of rhythm is it similar to? What time signature does it change to?
3/2 (12 quavers / bar) Similar to African Rhythms. Changes to 12/8
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Which instruments does movement 3 open with?
Solo guitar and Guitar 1
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What key signature and temp is movement 3?
Gmj and 3/2
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What music techniques does movement 3 use?
Canons, Metrical displacement, note addition and cross rhythms
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When and where was Mozart born?
Salzburg, 1756
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What period did Mozart write in?
Classical Period
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List 3 characteristics of the Classical Period
Any of the following 1-emphasis on elegance and balance 2-short, well balanced melodies 3-clear-cut question and answer phrases 4-simple diationic harmony 4-homophonic textures 5-some use of counterpoint 6-use of contrasting moods
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When was symphony no.40 completed?
1788
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What key signature is Symphony No.40 in?
G minor
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Define Anacrusis
A weak beat. In this case, the 1st subject starts on the 4th beat
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How many subjects does movement 1 have?
2
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What key signature is the 2nd subject in?
Bb mj
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What work is 'And the Glory of the Lord' from?
Handel's Messiah (1741)
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What is the message of Messiah?
It tells of the promise that Christ will save the world
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Describe the texture of And the Glory of the Lord
One melody line is monophonic. Some sections are homophonic and there are some short contrapuntal sections
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The Melody is made up of how many contrasting ideas? What are they?
4 1-and the glory of the lord 2-shall be revealed 3-and all flesh 4-for the mouth of the lord has spoken it
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What is the time signature of and the glory?
3/4
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What technique is used to vary the 3/4 time sig at cadences?
Hemiola
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Define Hemiola
two groups of three beats are replaced by three groups of two beats.
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Longer note values are used to highlight which words?
For the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it
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What is the tonality of the piece? What mood does this create?
Amj, Joyful
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Define ritornello
A short instrumental refrain that is repeated
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List the instruments used
Violin 1, Violin 2, Violas, Cellos, Doubles Bass, Harpsichord, Oboes, Bassoons
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List the Voice parts
Soprano, Tenor, Alto and BAss
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Describe the harmony's tonality
Diatonic
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List 3 musical devices used
Any of the following 1-sequences 2-melisma 3-hemiola 4-suspensions 5-imitation 6-dramatic use of rests 7-doubling parts for emphasis
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Describe the word setting
Mostly Syllabic
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In what period did Chopin write?
Romantic
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When was Prelude written?
1839
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What is prelude taken from?
A set of 24 preludes
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List 2 markings that the score includes
Any of the following: 1-pedal markings 2-fingerings 3-dynamic markings 4-Italian terms
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What form is Prelude in?
Ternary - A, B, A1
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What key does the piece open in? What does it change to? When does it return to its original key?
Db mj. Changes to c#m and returns to Db mj in A1
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Define Enharmonic Equivalent
Notes that are enharmonically equivalent "technically" share the same pitches as other notes
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List 3 features of expressionism
Any of the following: 1-High levels of dissonance 2-extreme contrasts of dynamics 3-constantly changing textures 4-distorted melodies and harmonies 5-angular melodies with wide leaps
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What work is Peripetie from?
5 Orchestral Pieces (1909)
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What does Peripetie mean?
A sudden change of fortune
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What kind of orchestra was this written for?
A large scale orchestra
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List the instruments used
3 flutes, 3 oboes, 3 clarinets, 3 bassoons, piccolo, coranglais, clarinet in D, bass clarinets, contrabassoon, horns, trumpets, trombones, tuba, xylophone, cymbals, tamtam, bass drum
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How many motifs are there? Describe their mood
3. Very intense, restless as dramatic movements
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What form is this piece in?
Free Rondo form - A B A C A
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What is there in the final section?
An orchestral tutti
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What does a large crescendo build up to?
Two large FFF dissonant chords
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Who wrote Why does my Heart feel so bad? When was it written?
Moby, 1999
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What album is it from?
Play - a dance music album
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How many samples does it use? Describe each sample
2. Sample 1- male singer, 'why does my heart feel so bad'. Sample 2- Female singer, 'these open doors'
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Define looping.
Looping is repeating a short sample over and over
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How is the song structured?
In 2 main themes. Theme A and Theme B (Bx and By)
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What are the chord sequences of these themes?
Theme A- Am, Em, G, D. Theme Bx- C, Am, C, Am. Theme By- F, C, F, C
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What form could this piece be described as?
Verse(theme A) and chorus (Theme B)
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When was Something's coming written? Who was it written by?
1957, Leonard Bernstein (music) and Stephen Sondheim (lyrics)
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What kind of song is this?
A musical theatre song.
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What key does the song open and close in?
Dmj
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What key does the song modulate to?
Cmj
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Describe the structure
3 Main themes (a, b, c)
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What kind of accompaniment does it open with?
A syncopated accompaniment.
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What time signatures does this song use?
2/4 and 3/4
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Dynamics are important in this piece. What dynamic technique is used?
Dynamic shading
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What style of music is All Blues?
Jazz
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Where did Jazz 'emerge'?
Late 19th C, early 20th C in America
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What is Jazz characterised by?
Improvisations
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What album is all blues from?
Kind of Blue
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How many 4-bar phrases are there in the 12 bar form?
3
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What chord structure is used?
Tonic, Sub-dominant and Dominant
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What kind of score is this? What did the musicians read from?
They read from nothing, it was mostly improvised. They received a brief outline of what to do before they performed. It is a transcription
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Describe the structure
Uses a head arrangement
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Where and when did Minimalism begin?

Back

San Francisco, America - 1960's

Card 3

Front

When was Steve Reich born?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

When was Electric counterpoint composed?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does counterpoint mean?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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