Strong forces of attraction hold the particles close together in a fixed regular arrangement.
The density is very high.
Don't have much energy so they only vibrate about their fixed positions.
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Describe liquid particles...
There are weaker forces of attraction between the particles. They are close together but can move past each other and form irregular arrangements.
Move in random directions at low speeds.
Less dense than solids.
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Describe gas particles...
Almost no forces of attraction between the particles, have lots of energy than liquids and solids.
They are free to move and travel in random directions at high speeds.
Generally denser then liquids, have low densities.
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Measure density in two ways...
Finding the density of a solid object and the density of a liquid.
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What is internal energy?
Internal energy is the energy stored by the particles that make up a system.
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What type of energy do particles in a system store?
Kinetic energy store with they vibrate or move around. Potential energy stores due to their positions.
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What is the internal energy?
It is the total energy that its particles have in their kinetic and potential energy stores.
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How does a change in state occur?
If the substance is heated enough, the particles will have enough enough in their kinetic energy store to break the bonds holding them together.
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What does a change of state conserve?
It conserves mass
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Changes of state includes.
GAS -> LIQUID = condensing
LIQUID -> SOLID = freezing
SOLID -> GAS = sublimating
LIQUID -> GAS = evaporating/boiling
SOLID->LIQUID = melting
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What does a change of state require?
Lots of energy
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What is latent heat?
The energy needed to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature.
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Formula for specific latent heat...
E=mL
energy(J) = mass(Kg) x specific latent heat(J/kg)
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A 0.5m^3 of tungsten has a mass of 10000kg
Calculate the density?
Density = mass/volume
10000/0.5 = 20000kg/m^3
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Heating an object increases its temperature, state two things that the increase in a system's temperature depend on.
mass and specific heat capacity
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What is meant by the term 'physical change'?
you end up with the same substance but in a different form
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Describe solid particles...
Back
Strong forces of attraction hold the particles close together in a fixed regular arrangement.
The density is very high.
Don't have much energy so they only vibrate about their fixed positions.
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