GCSE History: Impact Of War Revision

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  • Created by: ElishaG
  • Created on: 29-02-16 18:59
What year did the boer war start and end? Who was involved?
1899-1902 between the British and Dutch settlers (known as Boers)
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What happened during Boer war?
Boer troops (35,000 farmers) beat british 3 times in a week in dec 1899 and again in jan 1900. People realised British army not that good.
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This led to change in military- changes were.....
.... 1905 navy worked on the dreadnought- powerful battleship- to control overseas. BEF(Britsh Expeditionary Force) part of 1905 reforms as well as Territorial force.
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What does BEF stand for? What did they do?
British Expeditionary Force, they responded to crisis abroad and were the first to respond to the outbreak of war.
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What did the Territorial group do?
They were trained, part time solidiers and won many Victoria crosses in WW1
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What did Robert Baden set up in 1908?
The scouts, 70% of scouts went into the army.
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What did reports show(social)?
reports showed widespread poverty in working class. 40% of Boer war soldiers unfit. Report said that changes were needed. These changes were called the liberal reforms.
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What were the liberal reforms?
1- free school meals for children- all well fed. 2- 1908 made a crime to neglect children or sell fireworks, alcohol and cigarettes. 3-1908 penions for over 70. 4- labour exchanges to find work. Min wage. 5-national insurance act.
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what were WW1 welfare and health changes?
Medical advances-few civilian casualties, no improvement needed. Plasirc surgery, xrays, mental disorder treatments. Blood transfusion more common after WW1. 1921- voluntary b
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WW1 welfare and health continued
Education act(1918) school up to 14. Housing and town planning act(1919) new council houses. Unemployment insurance act (1920) more benefits.
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what were WW2 welfare and health changes?
medical treatment- millions of casualties. £75million spent on development of penicilline. 1943 given to soldiers. Medical provision- air rade wardens had first aid training, free or cheap medical care.welfare provison- free school meals
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what were the five giants according to Beveridge?
Want,Disease,Ignorance,Squalour,Idleness
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How did ge tackle each problem?
Want-national insurance act(1946) ignorance-education act(1944) disease- NHS set up(1946) Squalour- short term homes, more counicl houses. Idleness- government schemes to boost jobs
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What was life like for women before WW1?
Not expected to work if married. Some working class worked when married. Chaperone if single. No smoking/drinking. Education-trained for domestic role.
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How did the position of women change just before WW1?
Campaign for vote. Suffragists- peaceful. Suffragette-chained slves to railings, broke laws. Developments in work and education. Women in medicine, women in local politics. Growing independence.
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What were women like in WW1?
Women worked in munitions factories, were railway porters, ambulance drivers. 1915 womens land army- helped with farming.
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How did womens appearance and attitude change?
Some cut hair short, wore trousers, chaperones less common, smoked, drank in pubs, went to cinema and shopping unsupervised. Returning troops from france amazed.
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What does WAAC stand for?
Womens Army Auxilary Corps- formed 1917
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What does WRAF stand for?
Womens Royal Air Force-formed 1918
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What does WRNS stand for?
Womens Royal Naval Service- formed in 1917
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What are some improvements to the position of women after WW1?
1918- women property owners over 30 got vote. 1919 first woman in parliament.wahsing machines gave women more leisure. Better contraception.no chaperones. Had more confidence.
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What are examples of regression in the position of women?
Women expected to give up job. Women who kept jobs criticised, 1930 womens wage half mans. 1931 are less employed than in 1914.
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What did women do in WW2?
6.5 million women in paid work.460k women in non combat roles. 90%single 80% marrie doing important work.women grew more confident p.
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What was mens attitude to women?
Influential men were impressed with womens contribution. Campaigns to make sure men and women equal. In rolls royce, women paid 25%less. Governemnt supported women workers and privided nusuries over 10x no of nursuries after war.
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What was pay for women like?
Paid 75% less than men in factory. Government set up equal pay commision to perusade employers to pay women better-no power to force change. Earned more than before war.
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Did the wars create a more equal society?
Before WW1 great class divisions with little movement. After wars, improved health, financial security, education, attitudes to women made social divisons break down.more movement in classes. Social divisions didnt disappear by 1954 but they reduced.
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Describe the zepplin attacks.
Britain attacked jan 1915 until 1917. Hydrogen filled airships. 57 raids killed 564 people. Defences- blackouts and search lights.
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Describe the Gotha IV Bombers
1917-1918, 57 raids, killed 850 people. Defences- searchlight, balloons, antiaircraft guns.
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Describe the blitz.
Heavy bombing-autumn 1940-may 1941. Targets- military and industrial centres. Attacks less frequent after may. London bombed every night sep 7-Nov 2 1940. 125k died dec 1940.
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When did the V1 and V2 attacks hit Britain?
1944-1945
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What was the V1?
Flying bomb powered by rocket engine-nicknamed doodlebug due to noise. Flew to target area then fell when out of fuel. Could hear bomb falling. 6000 reached target.
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What was V2?
More serious, supersonic speeds. Couldnt be seen or shot down. First guided missile. 500 V2 hit london.
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How many casualties did V1 and V2 cause?
v1-20,000 V2-9000
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What were the effects of the blitz on industry?
Not fully effective as precision needed. Factories isolated. Most resumed production within 2-3 days.
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What were the effects of the blitz on civilians?
Blackouts in place for hours.car accidents due to blackouts. Air raid shelters provided. Anderson shektered from shrapnel and glass. Underground was public shelter. 40% took shelter. Sep 1940 buck palace bombed.
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What was the Blitz spirit?
Blitz gave media opportunity to portray nazi as evil. Bombing didn't destroy morale. Determined to stand up to hitler. Censorship and propaganda hid negativity.
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What does ARP stans for?
Air raid precautions.
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What did the ARP do?
Passed 1937- knew there would be a war.authorites had responsibility to:build shelters, give gas masks, train volunteer wardens, 1.4mil volunteers.enfored blackouts,most unpaid, part time Volunteers.
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What was the home guard?
Unpaid, part time, volunteers had to be 17-65 and unfit for army, dubbed dads army.1940 july change to homeguard.june 1941-1mil men.women not admitted.
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What was the difference between the ARP and homeguard.
ARP for air raids, homeguard for fires and invasion.
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What is propaganda?
Info used to promote certain ideas or attitudes. Info could be lies or biased.
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What is a hate campaign?
Propaganda that stirred hatred.
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What is censorship?
Limited flow of information to public.
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What was DORA?
The Defence Of The Realm Act. Allowed government to have more power.some regulations-no kite flying,no bonfires or fireworks, no whiskey on trains, couldn't but binoculars.
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Describe conscription in WW1.
Recruitment encouraged by posters. 1916-18 3.5mil conscripted..
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What were conscientious objectors?
People who didn't fight because of their religious beliefs.
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What was the emergency powers act (1940)
May 1940 after defeat at Dunkirk. Unlimited powers over public due to threat of defeat.
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Describe conscription in WW2.
1939-41 all men age 18-52 conscripted. Different to WW1 as all men had to register for work. 1941 conscripted women 20-39 then 19-43 by 1943.
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Conscientious objectors in WW1.
16000 men refused to fight. 10,000 helped war effort in non fighting roles .
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Conscientious objectors WW2.
60,000 men and women objected, had to have tribunal. 3000 given full exemption. 6000 imprisoned..
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Evacuation
Kept children safe. Children fed more than they did at home- were healthier. But some not fed speven though families were wealthy.
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Describe rationing in WW1.
1917 germans stopped supplies to Britain. Prices rose sharpl. Jan 1918 was compulsory. Got equal food.
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Describe rationing in WW2.
Started jan 1940. Most food rationed but not seasonal fruit and veg. Rich and royals had ration books. Rich bought more on black market.
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How was the industry reorganised during WW1?
DORA took control of industry. Railway network taken over. Miners paid min wage.government ran 20,000 places of work.
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How was industry reorganised during WW2?
Shadow factories near car plants. More mines sent down coal mines. Women conscripted. Companies couldn't make what they wanted.
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Mobilisation of women in WW1.
1916 worked behind line as nurses.employed in jobs previously only for men.
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Mobilisation of women in WW2.
Women had dangerous jobs such as- munitions,mechanics,welders,pilots,carpenters,gunners.
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Women and factory work
57% of jobs in factories in direct comp with men-often women did better.
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Land army.
1943, 80,000 women volunteered for work.no choice where they worked. Proved themselves more than capable.
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Women and voluntary services.
Sep 1943 over 1mil joined WVS. 180k in civil defence, 47k in fire service, 130k sent messages. Many ran nursuries and hostels. Drove ambulances. Worked im medical cemtres, first aid post, mobile canteen and rest centres.
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What was the legacy of WW2?
Lost 500k homes by bombs.infrastucture worn out. £3.3million in debt. Loans from US, gave UK goods, aircraft, ships for war. After war got $5bil loan, 60 years to pay off.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What happened during Boer war?

Back

Boer troops (35,000 farmers) beat british 3 times in a week in dec 1899 and again in jan 1900. People realised British army not that good.

Card 3

Front

This led to change in military- changes were.....

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does BEF stand for? What did they do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What did the Territorial group do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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