1) River flows over hard and soft rock; 2) soft rock is eroded at a faster rate and a step is created; 3) As the water falls, hydraulic action continues to erode the rock; 4) the overhanging hard rock collapses under gravity; 5)the waterfall retreats
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How do plunge pools form? (small scale feature)
The sheer force of the water hitting the bed (hydraulic action) and abrasion via the fallen overhanging rocks create a deep pool at the base of the waterfall.
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How do gorges form?
A gorge is formed when the waterfall retreats upstream, leaving a vertical sided narrow valley.
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How do meanders form?
Meanders form where the river begins to erode laterally. Erosion occurs on the outside of the bend where the river flows fastest, while deposition occurs on the inside of the bend. This causes the meander to migrate across the floodplain over time.
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How do slip off slopes form? (small scale feature)
On the inside of the bend the river has very little energy so any load it is carrying is deposited heaviest first, this build up a "beach" on the inside of the meander.
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How do floodplains form?
when the river floods over the floodplain any material being carried is deposited, heaviest first creating natural levees and then silt adding to level layers of the floodplain.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How do plunge pools form? (small scale feature)
Back
The sheer force of the water hitting the bed (hydraulic action) and abrasion via the fallen overhanging rocks create a deep pool at the base of the waterfall.
Card 3
Front
How do gorges form?
Back
Card 4
Front
How do meanders form?
Back
Card 5
Front
How do slip off slopes form? (small scale feature)
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