Actions taken to adjust to natural events such as climate change, to reduce damage, limit the impacts, take advantage of opportunities, or cope with the consequences
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Climate change
A long-term change in the earth’s climate, especially a change due to an increase in the average atmospheric temperature
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Conservative plate margin
Two plates sliding alongside each other, in the same or different directions
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Constructive plate margin
Tectonic plate margin where rising magma adds new material to plates that are diverging or moving apart
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Destructive plate margin
Tectonic plate margin where two plates are converging and oceanic plate is subducted – there could be violent earthquakes and explosive volcanoes
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Earthquake
A sudden or violent movement within the Earth’s crust followed by a series of shocks
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Extreme weather
When a weather event is significantly different from the average or usual weather pattern, and is especially severe or unseasonal
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Fossil fuel
A natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms
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Geothermal energy
Energy generated by heat stored deep in the Earth
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Greenhouse effect
Blanketing’ effect trapping gases within the Earth’s atmosphere
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Hazard risk
Probability or chance that a natural hazard may take place
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Hot spots
Area of crust that is thin and magma is able to break through to the surface forming a volcano
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Immediate responses
Reaction of people as the disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath
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Long-term responses
Later reactions that occur in the weeks, months and years after the event
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Mitigation
Action taken to reduce the long-term risk from natural hazards, such as earthquake-proof buildings or international agreements to reduce greenhouse gases
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Mineral extraction
Removal of solid mineral resources from the earth
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Monitoring
Recording physical changes, i.e. tracking a tropical storm by satellite, to help foresees when and where a natural hazard might strike
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Orbital change
Changes in the pathway of the Earth around the Sun
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Planning
Actions taken to enable communities to respond to, and recover from, natural disasters
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Plate margin
The border between two tectonic plates
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Precipitation
Moisture falling from the atmosphere – rain, sleet or snow
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Prediction
Using historical evidence and monitoring to identify when and when a hazard may happen
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Primary effects
Initial impact of a natural event on people and property, caused directly by it, i.e. buildings collapsing following an earthquake
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Protection
Actions taken before a hazard strikes to reduce its impact, such as educating people or improving building design
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Secondary effects
After-effects that occur as indirect impacts of a natural event, sometimes on a longer timescale, i.e. fires due to ruptured gas mains, resulting from the ground shaking
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Tectonic hazard
Natural hazard caused by the movement of tectonic plates (i.e. volcanoes and earthquakes)
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Tropical storm (hurricane, cyclone, typhoon)
An area of low pressure with winds moving in a spiral around a calm central point called the eye of the storm – winds are powerful and rainfall is heavy
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Volcano
An opening in the Earth’s crust from which lava, ash and gases erupt
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Climate change
Back
A long-term change in the earth’s climate, especially a change due to an increase in the average atmospheric temperature
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