GCSE GEOGRAPHY - CASE STUDIES U1 WATER ON THE LAND

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  • Created by: Ratch
  • Created on: 24-05-16 09:54
TEWKSBURY - MEDC FLOOD
July 2007 - in gloustershire
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PHYSICAL CAUSES
Between two rivers avon and severn , wettest summer ever because of the low pressure system, little sunshine which means no evapouration, soils were saturated and the jet stream was further south.
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HUMAN CAUSES
building on floodplains, paving on surfaces - decrease lag time and no flood defenses
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EFFECTS
13 DEATHS. 50000homes destroyed cost £3.2 billion infastructure destroyed water treatment works shut down.
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IMPACTS
Cost local councils £140 million 18000 insurance claims and 9000 businesses effected aswell as the agriculture. £800 million spent on flood defenses
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BANGLADESH LEDC FLOOD
1998 worst flood ever even a decade later things were still being sorted and it is the most flood prone country.
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PHYSICAL CAUSES
Monsoon season between may - september every year 1m rain per day, tropical cyclones close to equator, 1.7mil sq km river basins flowing through which is bigger than the country also it is low lying flat ground more that 50% below 12m asl
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HUMAN CAUSES
Growing population means they have to use marginal land, most densely populated country, deforesetaion for resources and increased run off from urbanisation
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IMPACTS
670000 hectares of crops destroyed, 1000 people killed, 30 million homeless, longer to recover - 50 mill under poverty line, soft soils erroded, have to live on char islands that have fertile soil but disappear after a flood
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RESPONSES
NGOs gave out aid, flood protection embankments, more money spent on defenses than houses, houses raised about flood limits, FISH - extra way of earning money, not affected by flood and basic training provided by NGO's, Ducks kill of harmful pesticid
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KIELDER WATER - Northumberland
1982 - biggest man-made resevoir in Northern Europe, includes rivers tyne derwent, tees and wear - to maintain levels more/less given out to households and factories
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FACTS
12km long, 52m deep, £167 mill to build, 909L of h20 per day released to meet demands from areas of surplus and deficit
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ADVANTAGES
Major tourist attraction, created jobs and benifits local environment, most reliable water source, salmon and sea trout migrate upstream to breed and water pollution is flushed out to sea generate HEP
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DISADVANTAGES
1.5 Mill trees cut down, families need to relocate, only employs 200 people
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THREE GORGES DAM
181m High, 2,3Km wide,110m deep, 632km2 area flooded cost £25.5 billion and construction took place from 1994-2006
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what is does
reduces risk of flooding from one in 10yrs to one in 100yrs, protects 25000 hectares of farmland abd carries 50% less silt becuase it is deposited behind the dam
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SOCIAL IMPACTS
Water goes to 200million people downstream, 1.4million people forced to move homes and 3 massive floods killed 320000 people
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ECONOMIC IMPACTS
when fully functional increases energy output by 10%
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Fresh water dolphin unable to migrate, 25% farmland underwater, Yangtze crane lost feeding ground and there are only 2000 left, crops lack important nutrients, pollution from chonquings 1bill tonnes of waste collects behind dam
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

PHYSICAL CAUSES

Back

Between two rivers avon and severn , wettest summer ever because of the low pressure system, little sunshine which means no evapouration, soils were saturated and the jet stream was further south.

Card 3

Front

HUMAN CAUSES

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

EFFECTS

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

IMPACTS

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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