Gaseous exchange in the lungs

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  • Created by: Heather
  • Created on: 09-05-14 21:15
What are the two functions of the breathing system?
Ventilation-The movement of air into and out of lungs, Gas exchange-the 'swapping; of gases between the alveolar air and the blood,
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Where does the air travel once it has been breathed in?
Tranchea->Bronchi->Bronchioles->alveoli
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What are the alveoli and how are they specialised (vague-main job)?
They are tiny air sacs in the lungs which have specialised surfaces for gas exchange,
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What are the stages of inhalation?
Intercostal muscles contract, ribcage moves up and out, diaphagm contracts to decrease to allow the volume to increase in the chest causing the pressure to decrease,
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What are the stages of exhalation?
The intercostal muscles relax, ribcage moves down and in, diaphragm relaxes so volume decreases so pressure increase so air is forces out,
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What is an example of a negative pressure ventilator?
The iron lung
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How does the iron lung work?
A vacuum is created around the thorax which causes a decrease in pressurre which leads to the volume in the thorax to increase so air is drawn in. When the vacuum is released, elasticity of lungs cause exhalation
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What are the advantages of an iron lung?
It was useful for treating polio patients over the years,
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What are the disadvantages of an iron lung?
The patient is restricted to the machine so leads to a worse quality of life as movement restricted and it is veyr old so veyr few people know how to fix the machine if broken, vacuum creates pooling of blood in abdomen,
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What is an example of a positive pressure system?
Air pump
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How does the air pump work?
Air is forced into the lungs through a tube inserted into the tranchea. AS the ventilator pumps air in, the lungs inflate and when it stops, the elasticity of the lungs cause exhalation
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What are the advantages of an air pump?
It allows movement so the person isnt restricted to a machine=better quality of life, effective at ventilation, useful in operations when surgeons need full body access,
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What are the disadvantages of an air pump?
Long term ventilation involves surgery to insert the tube into the tranchea so it restricts what you can say and eat,
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What are the four adaptations of an alveoli?
They are folded so provide a larger surface area for efficient gas exchange faster, short diffusion pathway so faster gaseous exchange, maximum concentration gradient due to blood supply, ventilaited so removes CO2 and brings O2 fast,
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Where does the air travel once it has been breathed in?

Back

Tranchea->Bronchi->Bronchioles->alveoli

Card 3

Front

What are the alveoli and how are they specialised (vague-main job)?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the stages of inhalation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the stages of exhalation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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