Gas Laws and Kinetic Theory

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  • Created by: syaqub18
  • Created on: 23-05-15 17:38
what unit of measurement is used in thermal physics?
Kelvin
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how do you change from degrees to Kelvin?
add 273
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what is absolute zero?
0K or -273 degrees
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what happens at absolute zero?
molecules just stop
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what does Boyles Law state?
for an ideal gas at constant temperature, the pressure p and volume V of a gas are inversely proportional (or pV=constant)
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what does Charles Law state?
for an ideal gas at constant pressure, the volume V is directly proportional to the absolute temperature T (or V/T=constant)
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what does the Pressure Law state?
for an ideal gas at constant volume, the pressure p is directly proportional to the absolute temperature T (or P/T=constant)
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what is the Avagadros constant?
the number of molecules in 12g of Carbon-12, the number of molecules in one mole of a substance
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what is meant by molar mass?
the mass of 1 mole of that substance and it is equal to the relative atomic or molecular mass (e.g. Helium's molar mass in 4g and Oxygen's is 32g)
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what assumptions are made by the kinetic theory model?
all molecules of gas are identical, molecules move rapidly and randomly, collisions between molecules or walls of container are elastic, no forces between molecules except collision, molecules have negligible volume (act as point masses)
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when do real gases behave like ideal gases?
when the pressure isn't too big and temperature is reasonably high (compared to their boiling point)
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why does increasing the temperature of a fixed mass of an ideal gas cause its pressure to increase?
if volume is fixed, pressure will increase as more collisions between molecules and walls of container over given time, on average, there will be larger change in momentum and larger force on container
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why does increasing the temperature of a fixed mass of an ideal gas cause its volume to increase?
if the volume is constant, the volume will increase to compensate temperature change because if volume is larger, longer time between collisions so change in momentum reduced, pressure is force per unit area so increase in area decreases pressure
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what is the crms?
the root mean squared speed of the molecules in the gas (square root of the mean of the squared speeds of the molecules in the gas)
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how can heat energy be transferred?
by collision
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how can transfer of heat energy be quicker?
if there is a greater temperature difference between the molecules
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what is the specific heat capacity?
the energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1K
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what is the specific latent heat?
quantity of thermal energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance
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Card 2

Front

how do you change from degrees to Kelvin?

Back

add 273

Card 3

Front

what is absolute zero?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what happens at absolute zero?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what does Boyles Law state?

Back

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