G7 - superpowers 1

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CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPERPOWERS
LARGE ECONOMIES - high GDP + int trade. POLITICAL INFLUENCE over other countries. MILITARY STRENGTH- protection, deterrent. CULTURAL INFLUENCE- soft power,tncs. DEMOGRAPHIC- large populations, economies of scale. RESOURCES-inputs for growth+trade
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HARD POWER
using military, economic or political intervention to force a country to act in a certain way that is beneficial.
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SOFT POWER
attracting national governments and countries to their country through political persuasion, cultural influence, FDI,
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IS HARD OR SOFT POWER MORE EFFECTIVE?
hard power is expensive and risky, but can yield immediate and effective results. some may view military actions and unnecessary and inhumane. soft power relies on country having respected culture, takes centuries to build up and can't be bought.
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EXAMPLE OF HARD POWER
USA 2003, invaded Iraq when economic sanctions (soft power) failed to persuade President Saddam Hussein to change policy.
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EXAMPLE OF SOFT POWER
UK - 5th largest economy, promoted by free trade, attractive market and massive cultural power. cultural influence and soft power over most commonwealth countries after the British empire
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MACKINDERS GEO-STRATEGIC LOCATION THEORY
HEARTLAND- russia. thought that whoever controlled this had power over the word due to its physical barriers to stop invasions and access to natural resources.
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CHANGING IMPORTANCE OF SUPERPOWER CHARACTERISTICS
previously- hard power was prioritised/threat of invasions made military important.heartland theory 1900s. 21st century-soft power is more common as if helps maintain influence/power whilst creating allies, hard power still needed /used
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UNI POLAR WORLD
the British empire 1920s- direct colonial control over a third of the worlds population during its peak. based on hard power- invasions and military force
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INDIRECT CONTROL
POLITICAL- dominance in international decision making. MILITARY- threat of weapons/nuclear. ECONOMIC- use of trade deals and blocs that create interdependence/reliability. CULTURAL- use of global media to spread ideologies in films, music, TNCs
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BI-POLAR WORLD
two opposing superpowers with opposing ideas/beliefs. COLD WAR (1945-1990)- USA + USSR using indirect control through economic sanctions, military threats.
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NEO-COLONIALISATION
.
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SUPERPOWER DEFINITION
a country that projects its power and ideas globally and can influence other countries using its economic, political, military and cultural strengths
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WHAT IS GEOPOLITICS
the influence of geographical features (size, population, economy) on the actions of countries toward other countries
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GEO STRATEGY
the policies that are required to secure resources the a country wants,
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BRITAIN AND SOFT POWER
HISTORY - universities and systems of law appeal around the world. CULTURE- BBC is a major international broadcaster. London 2012. DIPLOMACY- one of the largest networks of embassies globally.
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Card 2

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HARD POWER

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using military, economic or political intervention to force a country to act in a certain way that is beneficial.

Card 3

Front

SOFT POWER

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Card 4

Front

IS HARD OR SOFT POWER MORE EFFECTIVE?

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Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

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EXAMPLE OF HARD POWER

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