G2 - coastal landscapes and change 3

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short term sea level rise
due to rides, variation in surface air pressure,, winds pushing the water surface creating temporary burgers of higher sea level.
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eustatic sea level change
long term rise. change in global sea level. in glacial periods, precipitation falls as snow, forming ice sheets that store water normally found in the ocean - sea levels fall. at the end of glacial periods, ice sheets begin to melt so sea level rises
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isostatic sea level change
long term rise. rise/fall of land relative to the sea. during glacial periods, weight of ice makes land sink (isostatic submergence). as ice melts reduced weight causes land to readjust and rise (isostatic recovery). accretion
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past tectonic activity influence on sea level
the uplift of mountains and coastal regions at destructive and collision plate margins. the local tilting of land
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emergent coastline landforms
a fall in sea level exposes land previously covered by the sea. raised beaches that are above high tide level and relic cliffs which are the remains of eroded cliff lines found behind the raised beaches
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submergent coastline landforms
a rise in sea level floods the coast, covering land that was previously exposed. Haff coastline (soft sediments and sandy strips parallel to coast. Dalmatian coastlines (parallel inlets and long narrow hilly islands). fjord (drowned glacial valleys).
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contemporary sea level change
climactic warming - eustatic sea level rise (melting of glaciers and ice sheets). thermal expansion of existing ocean water. tectonic activity also causes changes in the profile of land.
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geological factors causing rapid coastal erosion
lithology - rock type. geological structure - bedding planes, faults,
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marine factors causing rapid coastal erosion
fetch of waves - long fetch promotes large destructive waves. strong longshore drift - removes collapsed sediment quickly allowing erosion to restart at a faster rate.
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human activity causing rapid coastal erosion
dredging - removal of sediment from a beach, sea or river. removing the coastlines ability to absorb wave energy, and so causes more powerful waves and storms; hence erosion.
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factors affecting the rate of recession of a coastline
wind direction/fetch. tides. storms. weather systems. seasons.
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local factors that increase coastal flood risk
height - low lying coasts temporary risk from storm surges and permanent risk from global sea level rise. subsidence - low lying coasts- natural subsidence from deposition, weight of cities eg Venice. vegetation removal - would absorb wave energy
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storm surges
a temporary rise in sea level produced when a depression, storm or tropical cyclone reaches the coast. can cause severe flooding on low-lying coastlines and rapid coastal erosion from the force of them.
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short term impacts of storm surges/coastal flooding
deaths/injuries, destruction of infrastructure, damaged water pipes and electricity lines.
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how does climate change affect coastal flood risk
warmer ocean temperatures and higher sea levels expected to make depressions more intense with stronger winds and more rain. frequency likely to stay unchanged but storms predicted to be more intense. UNCERTAIN FUTURE in need of adaptation+mitigation
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

eustatic sea level change

Back

long term rise. change in global sea level. in glacial periods, precipitation falls as snow, forming ice sheets that store water normally found in the ocean - sea levels fall. at the end of glacial periods, ice sheets begin to melt so sea level rises

Card 3

Front

isostatic sea level change

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

past tectonic activity influence on sea level

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

emergent coastline landforms

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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