Over the past few centuries, there position of children in western societies has been steadily improving
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What does Aries argue today’s laws and specialists do for children?
Protect them from harm and exploitation. Cater for children’s educational, psychological and medical needs.
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How does Sue Palmer describe childhood?
Toxic childhood.
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In 2006, what did Palmer argue about childhood?
There are alarming symptoms of unhappiness in modern childhood, pointing to an increase in ADHD, self-harm and substance abuse.
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What does Palmer say causes a toxic childhood?
Unhealthy food, lack of play in natural surroundings, poor sleep patterns, little family interaction, decline in emotional security.
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How does pocket money contribute to a changing childhood?
2014 Annual Halifax Pocket Money Survey says that the average 8-15 year old receives £6.35 a week. Giving children independence
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How does the sexualisation of childhood contribute to a changing childhood?
Adverts encourage provocative clothing, sex tips available in magazines and online. Margot (2006) says that in teh last 50 years, ‘losing virginity age’ has drop from 20/21 to 16.
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What factors AMONG children cause inequality?
Nationality, Gender, Ethnicity, Class
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How does Nationality cause inequality among children?
90% of worlds low-birth-weight babies are born in developing countries
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How does Gender cause inequality among children? (Hilman and Bonke)
Hilman- boys are more likely to cycle on roads, use buses and go out unaccompanied in the dark. Bonke- girls do more domestic labour, especially in single-parent families.
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How does Ethnicity cause inequality among children? (Brannen and Bhatti)
Brannen- studied 15/16 year old, found Asian parents are most strict with daughters than other parents. Bhatti- found that ideas of ‘Izzat’ (family honour) restricts the way that children behave, especially girls.
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How does Class cause inequality among children?
Poor mothers have low-weight babies, impacting their physical and intellectual development. Kids from manual-work families are 3x more likely to be hyperactive and 4x more likely to have behaviour issues, they are ill longer & fall behind in school.
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What are the factors causing inequalities BETWEEN adults and children?
Neglect & Abuse, Control over bodies, Control over resources
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What does Firestone say about care and protection of children?
It’s no longer beneficial, and has become a form of oppression. Eg being banned from paidwork isn’t a benefit, but an inequality
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What does Gittins suggest about Age Patriarchy?
Describes inequality between adults and children. Argues there’s. Patriarchy in adult domination and child dependency.
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How can Gittins be criticised?
Critics argue that the patriarchy is justified on the grounds that children cannot make rational decisions and so are unable to safeguard their interests.
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How can Neglect & Abuse cause inequality between children and adults?
Control over children can be extreme; physical, emotional and sexual abuse. In 2013, 43000 kids were subject to child protection due to risk of harm, most often off of parents.
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How can Control over resources cause inequality between adults and children?
Kids are restricted in their ability to earn money; economically dependent on parents. Laws enforce cumpulosry schooling and restrict work. Child-benefits are provided by the state, goes to adults not kids. Pocket money varies in amount, restricted.
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How can Control over bodies cause inequality between adults and children?
They control how kids sit, walk, hold cutlery, wear, have their hair, what piercings they have, their habits, their interests, their sexual exploitation.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does Aries argue today’s laws and specialists do for children?
Back
Protect them from harm and exploitation. Cater for children’s educational, psychological and medical needs.
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