Fungi

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Supergroup of fungi
Unikonta
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Characteristics of fungi
Chitin cell walls, Hyphae (heterotrophic), no chlorophyll, energy stored as glycogen
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3 main types of fungi
Saprophytic fungi, parasitic fungi, mutualistic fungi
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Characteristic of saprophytic fungi
absorbs nutrients from dead organic material
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Characteristic of parasitic fungi
absorbs nutrients from living hosts
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Characteristic of mutualistic fungi
absorbs nutrients from a host, but reciprocate to benefit the host
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What is the mycelium
the fungal vegetative body
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What is the hypha
Basic structural unit of the mycelium
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Name for fungal hyphae divided by cell walls
septate fungi
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Name of crosswalls in fungal hyphae
septa
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What does coenocytic mean
Lacking septa (in aseptate fungi)
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What are haustoria
modified hyphae which allow parasitic fungi to penetrate the host tissue
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How do fungi reproduce in favourable conditions?
asexually (by producing clones)
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How do fungi reproduce in harsher conditions?
sexually, to produce more genetic diversity
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Conditions for germination of fungal spores
moist, with appropriate substrata (soil)
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Asexual life cycle of fungi
Mycellium (n) -- spore-producing structures (n) -- spores (n) -- germination
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Sexual life cycle of fungi
Mycellium (n) - plasmogamy - dykaryotic stage (n+n) - karyogamy - diploid stage (2n) - meiosis - spore-producing structures (n) - spores (n) - germination
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What is plasmogamy?
the fusion of fungal cytoplasms
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What is karyogamy?
the fusion of fungal nuclei
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What are the 5 phyla of fungi?
Chytridio(mycota), Zygo(mycota), Asco(mycota), Basidio(mycota),Glomero(mycota)
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Characterists of a chytridiomycete
motile flagella, unicellular (coenocytic)
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Characteristics of a zygomycete
dikaryotic zygosporangia, mostly terrestrial, coenocytic hyphae (septa only found in reproductive cells)
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Asexual reproduction of the zygomycete, Rhizopus stolonifer
Sporangia develops at tip of hyphae, mitosis produces hundreds of haploid spores
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Sexual reproduction of Rhizopus stolonifer
Mycelia of opposite mating types walled off by septum, plasmogamy of gametangia creates dikaryotic zygosporangium, karyogamy creates diploid nuclei, meiosis produces haploid spores, zygosporangium germinates sporangium which releases haploid spores.
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Characteristics of an ascomycete
saclike asci contain (4 or 8) spores, septate hyphae
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Asexual reproduction of ascomycota
Tip of hyphae produce conidia by conidiospores
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Sexual reproduction of ascomycota
Opposite mating strains fuse to produce ascocarps (fruiting structures) containing many ascospores in an ascus
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Life cycle of basidiomycete
Cap supports and protects gills, dikaryotic cells lining the gills produce diploid basidia which develop into haploid basidiospores. Asexual reproduction less common
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Characteristics of a basiomycete
club fungi, 4 basidiospores per basidia, dikaryotic, septate mycelium, clamp connections, varied fruiting bodies, e.g. mushrooms
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Importance of lichens
Forms symbiotic relationships with algae: Algae produces carbohydrates, fixes nitrogen, and produces vitamins. Fungus provides minerals and phosphates, stores the algae's carbohydrates, protects the algae, provides structures, and shields algae.
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Importance of mycorrhizae
Forms symbiotic relationships with plant roots
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Characteristics of fungi

Back

Chitin cell walls, Hyphae (heterotrophic), no chlorophyll, energy stored as glycogen

Card 3

Front

3 main types of fungi

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Characteristic of saprophytic fungi

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Characteristic of parasitic fungi

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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