Fundamental of IT
0.0 / 5
- Created by: base12
- Created on: 06-12-21 11:25
Input Devices
Allows dara, such as text, images, video, or sound to be entered into a computer system.
1 of 90
Types of
Input Device
Input Device
Mouse
Keyboard
Scanner
Microphone
Graphics Tablet
Biometric Scanner
Keyboard
Scanner
Microphone
Graphics Tablet
Biometric Scanner
2 of 90
Output Devices
receives data from a computer, usually for display, projection, or physical reproduction.
3 of 90
Types of Output Devices
Monitor
Printer
Speaker
Projector
Headphones
Braille Terminal
Printer
Speaker
Projector
Headphones
Braille Terminal
4 of 90
Biometric Devices
uses human characteristic as part of a security mechanism.
5 of 90
Types of Biometric Devices
Fingerprint
Face
Voice
Face
Voice
6 of 90
Advantages
Security is improved
If a password is exposed can use biometric as a second security
Quicker and easier
If a password is exposed can use biometric as a second security
Quicker and easier
7 of 90
Disadvantages
expensive to install
affected by the environment
disabled users might not be able to use
privacy concern
affected by the environment
disabled users might not be able to use
privacy concern
8 of 90
Computer Components
These are components inside your computer system.
9 of 90
Types of Computer Components
Processor
Motherboard
Power Supply Unit
Motherboard
Power Supply Unit
10 of 90
Processor
Manage the function of a computer system by processing data and instruction.
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
11 of 90
Motherboard
Main circuit board of a computer on which components such as the CPU and ROM are connected.
Contains PCI slots for expansion cards and ports for external devices.
Contains PCI slots for expansion cards and ports for external devices.
12 of 90
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
converts electricity from AC (Alternating Current) form the mains power supply to DC (Direct Current) which the computer system can use.
13 of 90
Memory
Split into two types:
Volatile
non-volatile
Volatile
non-volatile
14 of 90
Volatile
temporary (data is lost whenever the power is turned off)
RAM
Cache Memory
RAM
Cache Memory
15 of 90
Non-volatile
saves data even when not being powered
access when the computer is next on amd can be stored long-term
ROM
access when the computer is next on amd can be stored long-term
ROM
16 of 90
Types of memory
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
Cache Memory
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
Cache Memory
17 of 90
RAM
Stored all programs that are currently running
stores part of the operating system to be accessed by the CPU
made up of large number storage locations, each can be identified by a unique address
stores part of the operating system to be accessed by the CPU
made up of large number storage locations, each can be identified by a unique address
18 of 90
ROM
stored the boot program/BIOS for when the computer is switched on
BIOS then loads up the operating system to take over managing the computer
BIOS then loads up the operating system to take over managing the computer
19 of 90
Cache Memory
sored data that is frequently accessed
very quick to access because it is closer to the CPU than other typed of memory like RAM
very quick to access because it is closer to the CPU than other typed of memory like RAM
20 of 90
Secondary Storage
Magnetic
Optical
Solid
Cloud
Optical
Solid
Cloud
21 of 90
Storage Protocols
SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) is a protocol (set of rules) for attaching external devices to a computer system such as printer, storage drive or scanner.
SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) improvement version of SCSI that enables many more external devi
SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) improvement version of SCSI that enables many more external devi
22 of 90
Expansion Cards
Dedicated circuit boards
have a specific purpose and are attached to the motherboard
have a specific purpose and are attached to the motherboard
23 of 90
Types of Expansion Cards
(can also exist as integrated components on the motherboard than a separate card)
(can also exist as integrated components on the motherboard than a separate card)
Graphics Card
Sound Card
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Fibre Channel Card
Storage Controller Card
Sound Card
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Fibre Channel Card
Storage Controller Card
24 of 90
Graphics Card
processes graphical data (ex. videos or animation) and converts it into a displayed output on a monitor
25 of 90
Sound Card
converts analogue sound waves into digital data (binary) when inputting audio through a microphone
also convert digital data (binary) into analogue sound waves to output audio through speakers and headphones
also convert digital data (binary) into analogue sound waves to output audio through speakers and headphones
26 of 90
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Allows computers to connect to networks (internet)
enables them to transfer data to other computers
enables them to transfer data to other computers
27 of 90
Fibre Channel Card
transfer data between servers across a network
quick transfer speeds and is primarily used to connect data storage to servers
quick transfer speeds and is primarily used to connect data storage to servers
28 of 90
Storage Controller Card
manage and use any attached storage device
29 of 90
Ports
interface between external devices and the computer
allow data to be transfered
allow data to be transfered
30 of 90
USB Ports
Connects storage devices such as USB sticks or external hard drive
as well as inputs and other devices for data transfer (camera and smartphone)
as well as inputs and other devices for data transfer (camera and smartphone)
31 of 90
Firewire Port
transfer data at a high speed from devices such as camcorders and external hard drives
32 of 90
SD Port
Enables data from SD card to transfer from a device like camera to the computer
33 of 90
Ethernet Port
connects computers to network devices such as modem or router, allowing access to the internet
34 of 90
SATA Port
Data transfer to external HDD, SDD or optical drives
35 of 90
Micro SD Port
data from micro SD card to transfer from devices such as smartphones, tablets and handheld games consoles to a computer
36 of 90
Computer System Types
Desktop
Tablet/Laptop
Smartphone
Embedded System
Mainframe
Quantum
Tablet/Laptop
Smartphone
Embedded System
Mainframe
Quantum
37 of 90
Desktop
Bulky and not so easy to move
individual components can be upgraded over time
versatile, carry out a range of activities
individual components can be upgraded over time
versatile, carry out a range of activities
38 of 90
Tablet/ Laptop
portable
screen size can be restrictive
can be transported through public space loss or theft is more likely
screen size can be restrictive
can be transported through public space loss or theft is more likely
39 of 90
Smartphone
negatively affect social interaction
reduce spatial awareness
easily lost or stolen
reduce spatial awareness
easily lost or stolen
40 of 90
Embedded Systems
installed within a larger device
have a dedicated purpose and often run in real-time
Internet of Things (IoT) global network of connected objects
have a dedicated purpose and often run in real-time
Internet of Things (IoT) global network of connected objects
41 of 90
Mainframe
very powerful computers that are reliable
process large amount of data and is used to solve scientific and engineering problems
reliable and secure and have large backup capabilities
very expensive and require experts to oversee them
used in banks and air
process large amount of data and is used to solve scientific and engineering problems
reliable and secure and have large backup capabilities
very expensive and require experts to oversee them
used in banks and air
42 of 90
Quantum
experimental and in development
work with quantum bits (qubits) which are not limited in just two states
millions of times faster
work with quantum bits (qubits) which are not limited in just two states
millions of times faster
43 of 90
Connectivity
Wired Connections
Wireless Connections
Wireless Connections
44 of 90
Wired Connection
Copper Cables
Fibre Optic Cables
Fibre Optic Cables
45 of 90
Copper Cables
cheaper
poorly insulated and therefore susceptible to electromagnetic interference
poorly insulated and therefore susceptible to electromagnetic interference
46 of 90
Fibre Optic Cables
Very fast but expensive
signals are transmitted as wave of lights through a glass tube.
are not affected by electromagnetic interference and suffer less attenuation.
higher bandwidth but more fragile
signals are transmitted as wave of lights through a glass tube.
are not affected by electromagnetic interference and suffer less attenuation.
higher bandwidth but more fragile
47 of 90
Wireless Connection
Bluetooth
Infrared
Microwave
Laser
Satelite
GSM/5G
Infrared
Microwave
Laser
Satelite
GSM/5G
48 of 90
Bluetooth
short range communication between devices - 10 mitres
close ranged but there is no other hardware is required
close ranged but there is no other hardware is required
49 of 90
Infrared
requires devices to be in direct line of sight
short distance
short distance
50 of 90
Microwave
large area via microwave towers
must be in line of sight of each other with no obstruction
affected by bad weather leading to higher chance of attenuation (network distortion)
must be in line of sight of each other with no obstruction
affected by bad weather leading to higher chance of attenuation (network distortion)
51 of 90
Laser
line of sight and no barriers
connect up to 2km but bad weather severely affects the transmission rate
used in space
connect up to 2km but bad weather severely affects the transmission rate
used in space
52 of 90
Satelite
point to multipoint communication
distance is quite far there is a delay of transmitted data.
distance is quite far there is a delay of transmitted data.
53 of 90
GSM/5G
GSM (global system of mobile communication)
phones connect to a network
phones connect to a network
54 of 90
Communication Hardware
create or link together networks allowing data to be sent between computer systems
55 of 90
Hub
receives data packets from a connected device and transfer a copy to all connected nodes
56 of 90
Switch
receive data pocket, processes them and transfer them on to the device specifically listed in the destination address of the packet
57 of 90
Modem
send data across the telephone network
telephone lines can only transfer analog signals
used to convert computer's digital data to an analog signal
another modem does vice versa
telephone lines can only transfer analog signals
used to convert computer's digital data to an analog signal
another modem does vice versa
58 of 90
Router
transfer data packets between network
data is sent from network to network towards the destination address
stores address of each computer on the network and uses routing tables to calculate the quickest and shortest path
data is sent from network to network towards the destination address
stores address of each computer on the network and uses routing tables to calculate the quickest and shortest path
59 of 90
Wireless Access Point (WAP)
link between wireless and wired networks
creates a wireless local area network that allows wifi enabled devices to connect to a wired network
creates a wireless local area network that allows wifi enabled devices to connect to a wired network
60 of 90
Combined Devices
hybrid device
provides the functionality of multiple communication devices in a single device
more expensive, more adaptable - if a router fails it might still be able to function as a switch/wireless access point
provides the functionality of multiple communication devices in a single device
more expensive, more adaptable - if a router fails it might still be able to function as a switch/wireless access point
61 of 90
Network Interface Card (Network Adapter)
internal piece of hardware that is required for the computer to connect to a network
built directly into the motherboard (known as network adapter)
built directly into the motherboard (known as network adapter)
62 of 90
Hardware Troubleshooting
troubleshooting - analyse and solve problems with a computer system
63 of 90
Steps to take when an error occurs
identify the problem
create a theory
create a troubleshooting plan
finding document
create a theory
create a troubleshooting plan
finding document
64 of 90
Troubleshooting tools
Event viewer
Power On Self Test (POST)
Ping Test
Power On Self Test (POST)
Ping Test
65 of 90
Types of software
open source software
closed source software
off-the-shelf software
bespoke software
shareware
freeware
embedded software
closed source software
off-the-shelf software
bespoke software
shareware
freeware
embedded software
66 of 90
Open source software
source code is written by programmers
users can view and modify the code
EX: linux, python and firefox
users can view and modify the code
EX: linux, python and firefox
67 of 90
Benefit
Customised to the organisation's need
unwanted features can be removed
shared in the public domain
low in price
unwanted features can be removed
shared in the public domain
low in price
68 of 90
Drawbacks
security risk - malicious code
prone to errors
difficult to receive support as development is often distributed
require technical skills to adapt sources to maintain the code
prone to errors
difficult to receive support as development is often distributed
require technical skills to adapt sources to maintain the code
69 of 90
Closed Source Software
code is restricted for users to view or modify
EX: microsoft office, fortnite, spotify
also known as propriety software
EX: microsoft office, fortnite, spotify
also known as propriety software
70 of 90
Benefit
well tested, update will generally be secure
company can be held to account
developers will provide help/support
company can be held to account
developers will provide help/support
71 of 90
Drawbacks
rely on the company to provide updates
not free
cannot modify, debug or improve code
not free
cannot modify, debug or improve code
72 of 90
Off-the-shelf software
made for general use
EX: office software, video games, image editors
EX: office software, video games, image editors
73 of 90
Benefits
Tested thoroughly, features will work as expected
cheaper to purchase than bespoke software
user might be familiar with software and trust the company
cheaper to purchase than bespoke software
user might be familiar with software and trust the company
74 of 90
Drawbacks
expensive to purchase some software
requires yearly licenses
contains additional features that users/organisations may not need which can be redundant to the performance
requires yearly licenses
contains additional features that users/organisations may not need which can be redundant to the performance
75 of 90
Bespoke Software
custom made for specific organisations or users
expensive to commission
issues with right for
expensive to commission
issues with right for
76 of 90
Benefit
built to the company's requirements
unwanted features can be removed
design and layout can be customised
unwanted features can be removed
design and layout can be customised
77 of 90
Drawbacks
expensive because its tailor-made
required training when using
original programmers may need to maintain the software to fix errors
required training when using
original programmers may need to maintain the software to fix errors
78 of 90
Shareware
trial the program for a limited time
EX: WinRAR
limited offer to choose whether to buy it fully or not
EX: WinRAR
limited offer to choose whether to buy it fully or not
79 of 90
Freeware
freely available to download and use
allows the user to try the software and then encourage them to purchase a full version
allows the user to try the software and then encourage them to purchase a full version
80 of 90
Embedded Software
installed within a larger device
dedicated purpose and often run in real-time
memory and storage restriction
dedicated purpose and often run in real-time
memory and storage restriction
81 of 90
Application software
Productivity software
Development tools
business software
Development tools
business software
82 of 90
Productivity software
general use software for completing tasks accurately and efficiently
EX: word processors, presentation software, web browsers
Database and spreadsheets
EX: word processors, presentation software, web browsers
Database and spreadsheets
83 of 90
Development Tools
tools for creating or modifying software
Integrated development environment (IDE)
EX: translator, compiler, debugger
developing and maintaining websites and apps
Integrated development environment (IDE)
EX: translator, compiler, debugger
developing and maintaining websites and apps
84 of 90
Business Software
Specific software for business (bespoke)
Design packages such as CAD/CAM
project management software for collaboration
expert system for automatic decision making
Management Information System (MIS)
Design packages such as CAD/CAM
project management software for collaboration
expert system for automatic decision making
Management Information System (MIS)
85 of 90
Utility Software
dedicated programs for maintenance and organisation of computer system
86 of 90
Antivirus Software
locate and delete viruses
87 of 90
Firewall
manages incoming and outgoing network traffic
88 of 90
Defragmentation
rearrange the files so that all parts are together
improve the speed of accessing data
improve the speed of accessing data
89 of 90
Compression
decrease the size of a file
more files can be sorted
sent more quickly across a network
more files can be sorted
sent more quickly across a network
90 of 90
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Types of
Input Device
Input Device
Back
Mouse
Keyboard
Scanner
Microphone
Graphics Tablet
Biometric Scanner
Keyboard
Scanner
Microphone
Graphics Tablet
Biometric Scanner
Card 3
Front
Output Devices
Back
Card 4
Front
Types of Output Devices
Back
Card 5
Front
Biometric Devices
Back
Related discussions on The Student Room
- CIE A Level Computer Science Sucks! »
- What's similar to creative computing? »
- What do you do in computer science and how often a week do you have lessons on it? »
- Comptia a+ certification worth it? »
- Computer science in university of Hertfordshire »
- Queen Mary Computing and information systems MSC (Convserion) »
- How to revise BTEC IT/Comp.? »
- Imperial College no rejection mail »
- Is it recommended to do computer science at university if I've not done the A-level? »
- Registration as continuing student »
Similar Computing resources:
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
3.5 / 5 based on 2 ratings
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
5.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings
5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
Teacher recommended
Comments
No comments have yet been made