Functions of The Skin and Wound Healing

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  • Created by: Beckyrose
  • Created on: 18-02-14 04:36
What are the functions of the skin?
Protection, sensation, elimination, thermoregulation. Metabolic syntheses: melanin & keratin. Communication: colour & odour. Cosmesis: body image
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What are the 3 phases of wound healing?
1. Inflammation, 2. Proliferation/reconstruction, 3. Maturation/remodeling
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Describe the 1st stage of wound healing
1. Inflammation: 0-3 days. Redness, heat, swelling. Heamostasis: vasoconstriction & platelet response to restrict bleeding. Leukocytes (polymorphs) protect, macrophages clear wound of infection
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Describe the 2nd stage of wound healing
2. Proliferation/reconstruction: 2-24 days. Phagocytosis continues, Angiogenesis: new blood vessels = new vascular network = energy for wound. Epithelial cells from outside move in to cover, mitosis thickens. Wound contraction.
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Describe the 3rd stage of wound healing
3. Maturation/remodeling: 24 days - 1 yr. Tensile strength increases, vascularity and scar size decrease
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What are the 3 modes of wound healing?
1. Primary Intention, 2. Secondary Intention, 3. Tertiary Intention
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Explain the first mode of wound healing
1. Primary Intention: min or no tissue loss, min tissue destruction, granulation and min scarring
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Explain the second mode of wound healing
2. Secondary Intention: more tissue loss, non approximated edges, granulation can occur if infected, some scar fills w. red soft tissue
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Explain the third mode of wound healing
3. Tertiary Intention: Deep wound infected, infected tissue must be removed then at 3-5 days re suture it = deeper scar
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What are some factors that could affect wound healing?
Age, meds, nutrition, lifestyle, comorbidities, hydration of wound, wound management practices, wound temp (37), pressure & friction
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What are some complications of wound healing?
Infection, hypergranulation, hypertrophic/keloid scars (overgrowth dense fibrous tissue) but keloid expand beyond edge and x resolve well, contractures( short muscles) haemorrhage, haematoma (blood beneath tissue) Evisceration (protrusion of organ)
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What is dehiscence?
Ruptured wound, increases discharge from wound 3-4 days after op
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Discuss ARTERIAL ulcers
Due to blood x reaching extremities, toes, feet. When legs elevated blood flow reduced even more, lowered = pain relieved. Decreased or absent leg pulses, deep wound, slow cap refill, can = gangrene
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Discuss VENOUS ulcers
Has enough blood but excess fluid means it x travel back up leg, elevated = pain relieved, normal leg pulses ruddy granulation, uneven edges, oedema, tissue breakdown
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What are some risk factors for Pressure Ulcers?
Prolonged pressure, age, health, mobility, friction & trauma, altered skin moisture, poor skin perfusion
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What info should be included in a Wound Assessment?
wound history, size, edge, location, exudate, surrounding skin, pain, psychological impact, documentation on wound chart.
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What is debridement?
The removal of necrotic tissue
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What are the different methods for Debridement?
Sharp: Removal w. sterile sharp instruments no blood or pain - competent practioner. Surgical: " aseptic envi - med practitioner. Mechanical: damp to dry dressing or irrigation under pressure. Biological: maggots. Enzymatic/chem: debriding enzymes
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What does a score of 9 or less mean on Braden Scale
Very high risk
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What does score of 13 - 14 mean on Braden Scale?
Mod risk
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What does score of 10 - 12 mean on Braden Scale?
High risk
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What does score of 15 - 18 mean on Braden Scale?
At risk
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What does score of 19 - 23 mean on Braden Scale?
Generally not at risk
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What does ISOBAR stand for?
I: Identification, S: Situation, O: Observations, B: Background, A: Assessment, R: Readback
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What are the 'Intrinsic' factors in wound management?
Decreases blood supply, age, underlying diseases, malnutrition, obesity, skin perfusion
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What are the 'Extrinsic' factors in wound management?
Smoking, certain meds, pts undergoing radiotherapy
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the 3 phases of wound healing?

Back

1. Inflammation, 2. Proliferation/reconstruction, 3. Maturation/remodeling

Card 3

Front

Describe the 1st stage of wound healing

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe the 2nd stage of wound healing

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe the 3rd stage of wound healing

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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