Functions of organelles of a eukaryotic cell

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  • Created by: Aimee
  • Created on: 28-12-12 18:30
Nucleus [eukaryotic only]
Acts as a control centre through the production of mRNA and hence protein synthesis. Retains genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA and chromosomes. Manufactures ribosomal RNA and ribosomes.
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Mitochondrion [eukaryotic only]
Produces ATP which provides the energy required for active transport against a concentration gradient.
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum [eukaryotic only]
Provides a large surface area for the synthesis of proteins (which have been made at ribosomes) and glycoproteins. Provides a pathway for the transport of materials, especially proteins, throughout the cell.
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum [eukaryotic only]
Synthesises, stores and transports lipids and carbohydrates.
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Golgi Apparatus [eukaryotic only]
Adds carbohydrates to proteins to form glycoproteins. Produces secretory enzymes (such as those secreted by the pancreas). Secretes carbohydrates (such as those used in making cell walls). Transports, modifys and stores lipids. Forms lysosomes.
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Lysosomes [eukaryotic only]
Break down material ingested by phagocytic cells. Release enzymes to outside of the cell to break down material around the cell. Digest worn-out organelles. Completely break down cells after they have died (autolysis).
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Ribosomes [80S eukaryotic; 70S prokaryotic]
Site of protein synthesis.
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Microvilli
Increase surface area for diffusion. Thin walls to decrease diffusion pathway. Can move to maintain diffusion gradient. Well supplied with blood vessels to allow blood to carry away absorbed molecules to maintain diffusion gradient.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Produces ATP which provides the energy required for active transport against a concentration gradient.

Back

Mitochondrion [eukaryotic only]

Card 3

Front

Provides a large surface area for the synthesis of proteins (which have been made at ribosomes) and glycoproteins. Provides a pathway for the transport of materials, especially proteins, throughout the cell.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Synthesises, stores and transports lipids and carbohydrates.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Adds carbohydrates to proteins to form glycoproteins. Produces secretory enzymes (such as those secreted by the pancreas). Secretes carbohydrates (such as those used in making cell walls). Transports, modifys and stores lipids. Forms lysosomes.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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Comments

Bethany Cunningham

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Nice simple revision :)

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