Functions of Eukaryotic organelles

Created by: Sarah
Created on: 27-01-16 21:00

Nucleus

The 'control centre' of the cell through protein synthesis. Controlls the functions of the other organelles. Contains the genetic material (DNA) in the form of chromosomes

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Mitochondria

Convert glucose into ATP. Respires aerobically for the cell. Ribosomes are 70s.

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Ribosomes

Smallest of the cell organelles. 80s found in eukaryotics, 70s found in prokaryotics, chloroplasts & mitochondria. Consist of 2 subunits:1 large, 1 small. Made from RNA & protein. loose in cytoplasm or bound to RER. Site of protein synthesis.

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Golgi Apparatus

Many functions of Golgi, linked to modification and packaging of products of SER & RER: Adding carbohydrate to proteins to form glycoprotenis, producing secretion enzymes, secrete carbs, transport modify & store lipids, form lysosomes.

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Lysosomes

Formed from Golgi vesicles. Hydrolyse material ingested by phagocytes, exocytosis to release enzymes outside of the cell, digest worn-out organelles to recycle their contents, break down cells which have died.

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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Synthesises, stores and transports lipids and carbohydrates.

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Flattened sacks with ribosomes, may link with the golgi body. Provides a large surface area fr protein synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins. Transport system for the products ofprotein synthesis.

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Large Central Vacuole

Surrounded by a single membrane called the tonoplast. Used for storage & supports plants by making the cells turgid. May cotain pigment with colour (beetroot) to attract pollinators.

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Chloroplasts

Carry out photosynthesis and are self replicating. Fluid filled centre called stroma. Stacked flattened sacks called grana

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Cell Wall

ONLY in plant cells.Found on the outside of the cell membrane. Made mainly from cellulose. Supports the structure of the cell, withstanding osmotic pressure from within cell, enabling cell to remain turgid.

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Convert glucose into ATP. Respires aerobically for the cell. Ribosomes are 70s.

Back

Mitochondria

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Functions of Eukaryotic organelles