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6. Functionalists aim to maintain what?

  • Consensus
  • The ability to create a revolution
  • Social order
  • Happiness

7. Which is not one of Merton's strain theory groups?

  • Rebels
  • Retreatists
  • Disputists
  • Innovators
  • Ritualists
  • Conformists

8. Murray: the generosity of welfare state has led to more l.p.fs and unemployed men, leading to the rise of the what?

  • Unskilled labour worker
  • Underclass
  • Benefit-fixated subculture
  • Married woman

9. Cohen: formed the idea that criminal subcultures invert the values of mainstream society (what society condemns, they praise). This was known as the...

  • Opposite values hierarchy
  • Criminal subculture structure
  • Alternative status hierarchy
  • Inverted delinquency order

10. Burke criticises Cloward & Ohlin, as their subcultures are...

  • Outdated and only based in Chicago
  • Outdated and only based in Seattle
  • Vague and studied during the 1960s
  • Outdated, vague, unreliable and only based in Michigan

11. Polsky & Davis say that minor crimes can prevent more serious crimes, by acting as a...

  • Criminal cushion
  • Safety net
  • Safety valve
  • Trampoline

12. Subcultural theorists - Cloward & Ohlin created 3 responses to why w/c members deviate in different ways. These were:

  • Rebellion, victimised and poor groups
  • Criminal, conflict and retreatist subcultures
  • Repressive, deterministic and critical subcultures
  • Criminal, ideological and harmful subcultures

13. The Kray Twins are a modern example of...

  • A retreatist subculture
  • A victimised subculture
  • A criminal subculture
  • A conflict subculture

14. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the underclass?

  • High rates of long term unemployment
  • Part-time employment
  • Illegitimacy (kids outside marriage)
  • Acceptance of crime and deviance

15. Cicourel criticises Merton, because...

  • He is vague in analysing the types of groups.
  • The official stats used by Merton exaggerate w/c crime, as the w/c do experience the most strain, yet they don't all deviate.
  • Merton over-defends the working class, even though they do experience the largest strain.
  • Innovators aren't a real group in society, but merely an exaggeration of other groups.

16. Tham: criticises Murray, as he found that Sweden also had welfare benefits - but in Sweden there was:

  • Less of a moral panic about benefits
  • Less unemployment, less inequality and less inprisonment (even though Swedish benefits were higher)
  • More employment only
  • A stronger common history

17. A criticism of Cohen is that he doens't acknowledge that...

  • Some criminal subcultures don't reward violence etc.
  • There are different types of deviance, not just utilitarian crime.
  • Some youths may have always wanted to deviate, rather than changing from being normal.
  • Women also deviate.

18. Parsons: there are 2 types of agents of social control. These are:

  • Positivist and interpretivist
  • Formal and informal
  • Harsh and pleasant
  • Repressive and ideological