7. Which is not one of Merton's strain theory groups?
Rebels
Retreatists
Disputists
Innovators
Ritualists
Conformists
8. Murray: the generosity of welfare state has led to more l.p.fs and unemployed men, leading to the rise of the what?
Unskilled labour worker
Underclass
Benefit-fixated subculture
Married woman
9. Cohen: formed the idea that criminal subcultures invert the values of mainstream society (what society condemns, they praise). This was known as the...
Opposite values hierarchy
Criminal subculture structure
Alternative status hierarchy
Inverted delinquency order
10. Burke criticises Cloward & Ohlin, as their subcultures are...
Outdated and only based in Chicago
Outdated and only based in Seattle
Vague and studied during the 1960s
Outdated, vague, unreliable and only based in Michigan
11. Polsky & Davis say that minor crimes can prevent more serious crimes, by acting as a...
Criminal cushion
Safety net
Safety valve
Trampoline
12. Subcultural theorists - Cloward & Ohlin created 3 responses to why w/c members deviate in different ways. These were:
Rebellion, victimised and poor groups
Criminal, conflict and retreatist subcultures
Repressive, deterministic and critical subcultures
Criminal, ideological and harmful subcultures
13. The Kray Twins are a modern example of...
A retreatist subculture
A victimised subculture
A criminal subculture
A conflict subculture
14. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the underclass?
High rates of long term unemployment
Part-time employment
Illegitimacy (kids outside marriage)
Acceptance of crime and deviance
15. Cicourel criticises Merton, because...
He is vague in analysing the types of groups.
The official stats used by Merton exaggerate w/c crime, as the w/c do experience the most strain, yet they don't all deviate.
Merton over-defends the working class, even though they do experience the largest strain.
Innovators aren't a real group in society, but merely an exaggeration of other groups.
16. Tham: criticises Murray, as he found that Sweden also had welfare benefits - but in Sweden there was:
Less of a moral panic about benefits
Less unemployment, less inequality and less inprisonment (even though Swedish benefits were higher)
More employment only
A stronger common history
17. A criticism of Cohen is that he doens't acknowledge that...
Some criminal subcultures don't reward violence etc.
There are different types of deviance, not just utilitarian crime.
Some youths may have always wanted to deviate, rather than changing from being normal.
Women also deviate.
18. Parsons: there are 2 types of agents of social control. These are: